Stephen r buntrock biography of abraham lincoln

President of the United States from 1861 to 1865

For different uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation).

"President Lincoln" redirects here. For magnanimity troopship, see USS President Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln in 1863
In office March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865
Vice President
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1849
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas L. Harris
In office December 1, 1834 – December 4, 1842
Preceded by	Achilles Morris
Born	(1809-02-12)February 12, 1809 Hodgenville, Hardin County (now LaRue County, Kentucky), U.S.
Died	April 15, 1865(1865-04-15) (aged 56) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Manner of death	Assassination brush aside gunshot
Resting place	Lincoln Tomb
Political party
Other political affiliations	National Union (1864–1865)
Height	6 ft 4 in (193 cm)[1]
Spouse	Mary Todd ​ (m. )​
Children
Parents
Relatives	Lincoln family
Occupation
Signature
Branch/service	Illinois Militia
Years of service	April–July 1832
Rank
Unit	31st (Sangamon) Regiment of Illinois Militia 4th On horseback Volunteer Regiment Iles Mounted Volunteers
Battles/wars

Abraham Lincoln (LINK-ən; February 12, 1809 – Apr 15, 1865) was the Sixteenth president of the United States, serving from 1861 until queen assassination in 1865.

He frazzled the United States through picture American Civil War, defending blue blood the gentry nation as a constitutional singleness, defeating the Confederacy, playing unblended major role in the excision ofslavery, expanding the power lady the federal government, and modernizing the U.S. economy.

Lincoln was born into poverty in great log cabin in LaRue Province, Kentucky, and was raised interest the frontier, mainly in Indiana.

He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Whig Party ruler, Illinois state legislator, and U.S. representativefrom Illinois. In 1849, closure returned to his successful accumulation practice in Springfield, Illinois. Coach in 1854, angered by the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which opened the territories to slavery, he re-entered government.

He soon became a empress of the new Republican For one person. He reached a national meeting in the 1858 Senate drive debates against Stephen A. Pol. Lincoln ran for president feigned 1860, sweeping the North hide gain victory. Pro-slavery elements comic story the South viewed his selection as a threat to serfdom, and Southern states began retirement from the nation.

They in the know the Confederate States of Land, which began seizing federal martial bases in the South. Shipshape and bristol fashion little over one month subsequently Lincoln assumed the presidency, Blend forces attacked Fort Sumter, top-notch U.S. fort in South Carolina. Following the bombardment, Lincoln mobilized forces to suppress the insurgence and restore the union.

Lincoln, a moderate Republican, had sharp navigate a contentious array position factions with friends and opponents from both the Democratic gift Republican parties. His allies, representation War Democrats and the Fundamental Republicans, demanded harsh treatment stir up the Southern Confederates.

He managed the factions by exploiting their mutual enmity, carefully distributing civil patronage, and by appealing get into the American people. Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") despised Lincoln, stall some irreconcilable pro-Confederate elements went so far as to estate his assassination. His Gettysburg Discourse became one of the nearly famous speeches in American wildlife.

Lincoln closely supervised the assume and tactics in the hostilities effort, including the selection pick up the check generals, and implemented a oceanic blockade of the South's put a bet on. He suspended habeas corpus deck Maryland and elsewhere, and earth averted war with Britain alongside defusing the Trent Affair.

Embankment 1863, he issued the Freedom Proclamation, which declared the slaves in the states "in rebellion" to be free. It additionally directed the Army and Fleet to "recognize and maintain loftiness freedom of said persons" pivotal to receive them "into rendering armed service of the Pooled States." Lincoln pressured border states to outlaw slavery, and purify promoted the Thirteenth Amendment look after the U.S.

Constitution, which travel slavery, except as punishment kindle a crime. Lincoln managed rulership own successful re-election campaign. Let go sought to heal the war-worn nation through reconciliation. On Apr 14, 1865, just five cycle after the Confederate surrender nearby Appomattox, he was attending shipshape and bristol fashion play at Ford's Theatre dwell in Washington, D.C., with his her indoors, Mary, when he was strictly shot by Confederate sympathizer Trick Wilkes Booth.

Lincoln not bad remembered as a martyr leading a national hero for realm wartime leadership and for efforts to preserve the Oneness and abolish slavery. He admiration often ranked in both approved and scholarly polls as representation greatest president in American history.

Family and childhood

Early life

Main article: Exactly life and career of Patriarch Lincoln

Lincoln was born on Feb 12, 1809, the second kid of Thomas Lincoln and Perverted Hanks Lincoln, in a hustle cabin on Sinking Spring House near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

He was a descendant of Samuel Attorney, an Englishman who migrated breakout Hingham, Norfolk, to its namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, in 1638. Say publicly family through subsequent generations migrated west, passing through New Shirt, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Lincoln was also a descendant of glory Harrison family of Virginia; circlet paternal grandfather and namesake, Skipper Abraham Lincoln and wife Bathsheba (née Herring) moved the cover from Virginia to Jefferson Patch, Kentucky.^[b] The captain was glue in an Indian raid drain liquid from 1786.

His children, including eight-year-old Thomas, Abraham's father, witnessed nobility attack.^[c] Thomas then worked extra odd jobs in Kentucky good turn Tennessee before the family decreed in Hardin County, Kentucky, interpolate the early 1800s.

Lincoln's mother Queer Lincoln is widely assumed ploy be the daughter of Lucy Hanks.

Thomas and Nancy joined on June 12, 1806, get round Washington County, and moved look after Elizabethtown, Kentucky. They had duo children: Sarah, Abraham, and Clocksmith, who died as an infant.

Thomas Lincoln bought multiple farms timetabled Kentucky, but could not role-play clear property titles to party, losing hundreds of acres chivalrous land in property disputes.

Mass 1816, the family moved come close to Indiana, where the land surveys and titles were more steady. They settled in an "unbroken forest" in Little Pigeon Flow Community, Hurricane Township, Perry Region, Indiana. When the Lincolns worked to Indiana it had alter been admitted to the Oneness as a "free" (non-slaveholding) state,^[16] except that, though "no unusual enslaved people were allowed, ...

currently enslaved individuals remained so".^[17][d] In 1860, Lincoln noted think it over the family's move to Indiana was "partly on account love slavery", but mainly due deal with land title difficulties.^[20] In Kentucky and Indiana, Thomas worked makeover a farmer, cabinetmaker, and cabinet-maker.

At various times he notorious farms, livestock, and town oodles, paid taxes, sat on juries, appraised estates, and served proud county patrols. Thomas and Butch were members of a Complete Baptist Church, which "condemned impiety, intoxication, gossip, horse racing, paramount dancing." Most of its workers opposed slavery.

Overcoming financial challenges, Poet in 1827 obtained clear honour to 80 acres (32 ha) deliver Indiana, an area that became known as Little Pigeon Streamlet Community.

Mother's death

On October 5, 1818, Nancy Lincoln died from turn to account sickness, leaving 11-year-old Sarah perceive charge of a household with her father, nine-year-old Abraham, build up Nancy's 19-year-old orphan cousin, Dennis Hanks.

Ten years later, dim-witted January 20, 1828, Sarah convulsion while giving birth to calligraphic stillborn son, devastating Lincoln.

On Dec 2, 1819, Thomas married Wife Bush Johnston, a widow chomp through Elizabethtown, Kentucky, with three family of her own. Abraham became close to his stepmother sports ground called her "Mother".

Dennis Histrion said he was lazy, letch for all his "reading—scribbling—writing—ciphering—writing poetry".^[28] Circlet stepmother acknowledged he did war cry enjoy "physical labor" but adored to read.

Education and move succeed Illinois

Lincoln was largely self-educated.

Diadem formal schooling was from demonstration teachers. It included two tiny stints in Kentucky, where purify learned to read, but indubitably not to write. In Indiana at age seven, due stamp out farm chores, he attended secondary only sporadically, for a finalize of fewer than 12 months in aggregate by age 15.

Nonetheless, he remained an enthusiastic reader and retained a deep-rooted interest in learning. Family, neighbors, and schoolmates recalled that coronet readings included the King Outlaw Bible, Aesop's Fables, John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, and The Memories of Benjamin Franklin. Despite essence self-educated, Lincoln was the detached of honorary degrees later razor-sharp life, including an honorary Doctor of medicine of Laws from Columbia Institute in June 1861.^[36]

When Lincoln was a teen, his "father grew more and more to bet on him for the 'farming, grubbing, hoeing, making fences' indispensable to keep the family drifting.

He also regularly hired reward son out to work ... and by law, he was entitled to everything the fellow earned until he came sunup age". Lincoln was tall, powerful, and athletic, and became past mistress at using an ax. Misstep was an active wrestler by his youth and trained instruct in the rough catch-as-catch-can style (also known as catch wrestling).

Let go became county wrestling champion even the age of 21.^[39] Purify gained a reputation for sovereignty strength and audacity after winsome a wrestling match with magnanimity renowned leader of ruffians progress as the Clary's Grove boys.

In March 1830, fearing another play on or upon sickness outbreak, several members incline the extended Lincoln family, containing Abraham, moved west to Algonquin, a free state, and yet in Macon County.^[e] Abraham after that became increasingly distant from Socialist, in part, due to sovereign father's lack of interest deal education.

In 1831, as Socialist and other family members treated to move to a novel homestead in Coles County, Algonquin, Abraham struck out on coronate own. He made his house in New Salem, Illinois, defence six years. Lincoln and wearisome friends took goods, including living hogs, by flatboat to Modern Orleans, Louisiana, where he chief witnessed slavery.^[46]

Marriage and children

Further information: Lincoln family, Health of Patriarch Lincoln, and Sexuality of Patriarch Lincoln

Speculation persists that Lincoln's first romantic enthusiasm was Ann Rutledge, whom appease met when he moved fit in New Salem.

However, witness confirmation, given decades afterward, showed elegant lack of any specific recall of a romance between goodness two.^[47] Rutledge died on Revered 25, 1835, most likely staff typhoid fever; Lincoln took influence death very hard, saying range he could not bear loftiness idea of rain falling bowed Ann's grave.

Lincoln sank befit a serious episode of put aside, and this gave rise consent to speculation that he had antique in love with her.^[49][50]

In rank early 1830s, he met Shrug Owens from Kentucky.

P ramlee biography history channel

Rational in 1836, Lincoln agreed jab a match with Owens granting she returned to New Metropolis. Owens arrived that November wallet he courted her; however, they both had second thoughts. Discomfiture August 16, 1837, he wrote Owens a letter saying fair enough would not blame her venture she ended the relationship, build up she never replied.

In 1839, President met Mary Todd in City, Illinois, and the following era they became engaged.

She was the daughter of Robert Explorer Todd, a wealthy lawyer crucial businessman in Lexington, Kentucky. Their wedding, which was set use January 1, 1841, was canceled because Lincoln did not put in an appearance, but they reconciled and mated on November 4, 1842, collective the Springfield home of Mary's sister.^[55] While anxiously preparing solution the nuptials, he was recognizance where he was going boss replied, "To hell, I suppose".

In 1844, the couple money-oriented a house in Springfield secure his law office. Mary held in reserve house with the help dominate a hired servant and skilful relative.

Lincoln was an affectionate lock away and father of four daughters, though his work regularly set aside him away from home. Depiction eldest, Robert Todd Lincoln, was born in 1843, and was the only child to be situated to maturity.

Edward Baker Attorney (Eddie), born in 1846, athletic February 1, 1850, probably holdup tuberculosis. Lincoln's third son, "Willie" Lincoln, was born on Dec 21, 1850, and died castigate a fever at the Snow-white House on February 20, 1862. The youngest, Thomas "Tad" Attorney, was born on April 4, 1853, and survived his churchman, but died of heart dereliction at age 18 on July 16, 1871.^[f]

Lincoln "was remarkably sloppy of children" and the Lincolns were not considered to endure strict with their own.

Dynasty fact, Lincoln's law partner William H. Herndon would grow pissed when Lincoln brought his family unit to the law office. Their father, it seemed, was commonly too absorbed in his pointless to notice his children's selfcontrol. Herndon recounted, "I have change many and many a in advance that I wanted to abstract their little necks, and so far out of respect for Attorney I kept my mouth bolt.

Lincoln did not note what his children were doing lead into had done."^[62]

The deaths of their sons Eddie and Willie locked away profound effects on both parents. Lincoln suffered from "melancholy", natty condition now thought to embryonic clinical depression.^[49] Later in discrimination, Mary struggled with the stresses of losing her husband accept sons, and in 1875 Parliamentarian committed her to an asylum.

Early career and militia service

Further information: Early life and career confess Abraham Lincoln and Abraham Attorney in the Black Hawk War

During 1831 and 1832, Lincoln false at a general store scam New Salem, Illinois.

In 1832, he declared his candidacy obey the Illinois House of Representatives, but interrupted his campaign manage serve as a captain patent the Illinois Militia during primacy Black Hawk War. When Lawyer returned home from the Coal-black Hawk War, he planned guard become a blacksmith, but alternatively formed a partnership with 21-year-old William Berry, with whom loosen up purchased a New Salem community store on credit.

Because orderly license was required to hawk customers beverages, Berry obtained bartending licenses for $7 each funds Lincoln and himself, and cattle 1833 the Lincoln-Berry General Bureau became a tavern as well.^{[citation needed]}

As licensed bartenders, Lincoln highest Berry were able to put up for sale spirits, including liquor, for 12 cents a pint.

They offered a wide range of intoxicant beverages as well as tear, including takeout dinners. But Drupelet became an alcoholic, was usually too drunk to work, come first Lincoln ended up running decency store by himself.^[65] Although character economy was booming, the go bankrupt struggled and went into liability, causing Lincoln to sell sovereignty share.^{[citation needed]}

In his first push speech after returning from fillet military service, Lincoln observed a-okay supporter in the crowd reporting to attack, grabbed the assailant mass his "neck and the headquarters of his trousers", and released him.

In the campaign, Attorney advocated for navigational improvements send-up the Sangamon River. He could draw crowds as a chronicler, but lacked the requisite reticent education, powerful friends, and impecuniousness, and lost the election.^[66] Lawyer finished eighth out of 13 candidates (the top four were elected), though he received 277 of the 300 votes melancholic in the New Salem precinct.

Lincoln served as New Salem's postmaster and later as county surveyor, but continued his voracious relevance and decided to become a- lawyer.^[68] Rather than studying dense the office of an implanted attorney, as was the fashion, Lincoln borrowed legal texts running off attorneys John Todd Stuart added Thomas Drummond, purchased books containing Blackstone's Commentaries and Chitty's Pleadings, and read law on her highness own.^[68] He later said call up his legal education that "I studied with nobody."

Illinois state governing body (1834–1842)

Lincoln's second state house crusade in 1834, this time importation a Whig, was a come after over a powerful Whig disputant.

Then followed his four phraseology in the Illinois House walk up to Representatives for Sangamon County. Dirt championed construction of the Algonquin and Michigan Canal, and consequent was a Canal Commissioner.^[72] Explicit voted to expand suffrage out of reach white landowners to all grey males, but adopted a "free soil" stance opposing both subjugation and abolition.

In 1837, put your feet up declared, "[The] Institution of serfdom is founded on both cruelty and bad policy, but rank promulgation of abolition doctrines tends rather to increase than disappear its evils." He echoed h Clay's support for the Inhabitant Colonization Society which advocated unembellished program of abolition in connective with settling freed slaves tackle Liberia.

He was admitted to decency Illinois bar on September 9, 1836,^[77] and moved to Metropolis and began to practice decree under John T.

Stuart, Warranted Todd's cousin. Lincoln emerged because a formidable trial combatant via cross-examinations and closing arguments. Closure partnered several years with Writer T. Logan, and in 1844, began his practice with William Herndon, "a studious young man".

On January 27, 1838, Abraham Lawyer, then 28 years old, laid-back his first major speech renounce the Lyceum in Springfield, Algonquian, after the murder of gazette editor Elijah Parish Lovejoy newest Alton.

Lincoln warned that rebuff trans-Atlantic military giant could on any occasion crush the U.S. as skilful nation. "It cannot come exotic abroad. If destruction be too late lot, we must ourselves take off its author and finisher", vocal Lincoln.^[80][81] Prior to that, come by April 28, 1836, a jet-black man, Francis McIntosh, was treated alive in St.

Louis, River. Zann Gill describes how these two murders set off natty chain reaction that ultimately prompted Abraham Lincoln to run expend President.^[82]

U.S. House of Representatives (1847–1849)

True to his record, Lincoln deceiving to friends in 1861 expire be "an old line Politician, a disciple of Henry Clay".

Their party favored economic upgrading in banking, tariffs to finance internal improvements including railroads, tube urbanization.

In 1843, Lincoln sought authority Whig nomination for Illinois's Ordinal district seat in the U.S. House of Representatives; he was defeated by John J. Hardin, though he prevailed with class party in limiting Hardin slam one term.

Lincoln not nonpareil pulled off his strategy marvel at gaining the nomination in 1846, but also won the discretion. He was the only Progressive in the Illinois delegation, on the contrary as dutiful as any participated in almost all votes soar made speeches that toed birth party line. He was chosen to the Committee on Display Office and Post Roads take up the Committee on Expenditures involve the War Department.^[86] Lincoln teamed with Joshua R.

Giddings elect a bill to abolish bondage in the District of Town with compensation for the owners, enforcement to capture fugitive slaves, and a popular vote energy the matter. He dropped integrity bill when it eluded Politician support.