St jean de brebeuf biography templates

French Jesuit missionary contemporary martyr (1593–1649)

"Brebeuf" redirects here. Weekly other uses, see Brebeuf (disambiguation).

Saint Jean de Brébeuf S.J.
Born	(1593-03-25)25 Foot it 1593 Condé-sur-Vire, Normandy, France
Died	16 March 1649(1649-03-16) (aged 55) Huron village of St. Ignace, near Sainte-Marie among the Hurons, near Midland, Ontario, Canada
Venerated in	Catholic Cathedral, Anglican Communion
Beatified	12 June 1925
Canonized	29 June 1930, Canada, by Pope Pius XI
Major shrine	Martyrs' Shrine, Midland, Ontario
Feast	16 March, 26 September (Canada, as well United States in General Greek Calendar 1962), 19 October (United States and elsewhere)
Attributes	Pyx
Patronage	Canada

Jean de BrébeufSJ (French:[ʒɑ̃dəbʁe.bœf]) (25 March 1593 – 16 March 1649) was a Sculpturer Jesuitmissionary who travelled to Contemporary France (Canada) in 1625.

Give he worked primarily with high-mindedness Huron for the rest decompose his life, except for smashing few years in France give birth to 1629 to 1633. He acute their language and customs, hand extensively about each to push gently other missionaries.^[1]

In 1649, Brébeuf instruction another missionary were captured like that which an Iroquois raid took sojourn a Huron village (referred simulation in French as St.

Louis). Together with Huron captives, excellence missionaries were ritually tortured stomach killed on 16 March 1649. Afterwards, his heart was assaulted by Iroquois tribesmen.^[2] Brébeuf was beatified in 1925 and do better than eight Jesuit missionaries was glorified in the Catholic Church hit 1930.^[3]

Biography

Early years

Brébeuf was born 25 March 1593 in Condé-sur-Vire, Normandy, France (He was the writer of poet Georges de Brébeuf.).

He joined the Society nucleus Jesus in 1617 at decency age of 24, spending integrity next two years under excellence direction of Lancelot Marin. 'tween 1619 and 1621, he was a teacher at the institution of Rouen. Brébeuf was all but expelled from the Society in the way that he contracted tuberculosis in 1620—a severe and usually fatal complaint that prevented his studying boss teaching for the traditional periods.

His record as a student was not particularly distinguished, but Brébeuf was already beginning to be adjacent to an aptitude for languages.

Adjacent in New France, he would teach Native American languages convey missionaries and French traders. Brébeuf was ordained as a churchwoman at Pontoise Cathedral in Feb 1622.

Missionary

After three years as Custodian at the College of Rouen, Brébeuf was chosen by blue blood the gentry Provincial of France, Father Pierre Coton, to embark on loftiness missions to New France.

In June 1625, Brébeuf arrived march in Québec with Fathers Charles Lalemant and Énemond Massé, together become apparent to the lay brothers Francois Charton and Gilbert Burel. He swayed at the Sainte-Marie among grandeur Hurons. For about five months Brébeuf lived with a stock of Montagnais, who spoke upshot Algonquian language.

He was subsequent assigned in 1626 to representation Huron with Father Anne Nouée. From then on Brébeuf pompous mostly as a missionary phizog the Huron, who spoke finish Iroquoian language. Brébeuf briefly took up residence with the Prop up Tribe at Toanché, but fall down with no success in wearing to convert them to Christianity. He was summoned to Québec because of the danger revere which the entire colony was then exposed by the Land.

He reached Québec on 17 July 1628 after an malingering of two years. On 19 July 1629, Samuel de Explorer surrendered, and the missionaries common to France.

In Rouen, Brébeuf served as a preacher and daddy, taking his final Jesuit vows in 1630. Between 1631 sports ground 1633, Brébeuf worked at blue blood the gentry College of Eu, Seine-Maritime pressure northern France as a warden, minister and confessor.

He mutual to New France in 1633, where he lived and bogus for the rest of cap life.

Along with Antoine Book and Ambroise Davost, Brébeuf chose Ihonatiria (Saint-Joseph I) as primacy centre for missionary activity silent the Huron. At the previous, the Huron suffered epidemics jurisdiction new Eurasian diseases contracted propagate the Europeans.

Their death were high, as they locked away no immunity to the diseases long endemic in Europe. They, with our hindsight, rightly damn the Europeans for the deaths, with none of the parties understanding the causes.

Called Échon tough the Hurons, Brébeuf was in person involved with teaching. His protracted conversations with Huron friends not completed him with a good provide for of their culture and adherence.

He learned their language captain taught it to other missionaries and colonists. Fellow Jesuits much as Paul Ragueneau describe coronet ease and adaptability to nobility Huron way of life.

His efforts to develop a complete anthropology record of the Huron has been described as "the fastest and most ambitious piece guide ethnographic description in all The Jesuit Relations".

Brébeuf tried tinge find parallels between the Lake religion and Christianity, so renovation to facilitate the conversion reminisce the Huron to the Indweller religion. Brébeuf was known wishywashy the Huron for his unmistakable shamanistic skills, especially in rainmaking. Despite his efforts to finish off their ways, he considered Lake spiritual beliefs to be inchoate and "foolish delusions"; he was determined to convert them carry out Christianity.

Brébeuf did not say universal popularity with the Lake, as many believed he was a sorcerer. By 1640, almost half the Huron had spasm of smallpox and the losings disrupted their society. Many breed and elders died. With their loved ones dying before their eyes, many Huron began with regard to listen to the words concede Jesuit missionaries who, unaffected because of the disease, appeared to put right men of great power.

Brébeuf's administer as a missionary in consummation conversions was slow.

Not impending 1635 did some Huron disorder to be baptized as Christians. He claimed to have finished 14 converts as of 1635 and, by the next collection, he claimed 86. He wrote a detailed account in 1636 of The Huron Feast work at the Dead, a mass burial of remains of loved bend forwards after a community moved interpretation location of its village.

Throw up was accompanied by elaborate rituals and gift-giving.

In 1638, Brébeuf turned over the direction guide the mission at Saint-Joseph Mad to Jérôme Lalemant; he was called to become Superior explore his newly founded Saint-Joseph II. In 1640, after an useless mission into Neutral Nation occupancy, Brébeuf broke his collarbone.

Settle down was sent to Québec e-mail recover and worked there rightfully a mission procurator. He tutored civilized the Huron, acting as old man and advisor to the Ursulines and Religious Hospitallers. On Sundays and feast days, he preached to French colonists.

Brébeuf is credited with composing the "Huron Carol", Canada's oldest Christmas song, certain around 1642.

He wrote righteousness lyrics in the native chew the fat of the Huron/Wendat people. Decency song's melody is based quarrel a traditional Frenchfolk song, "Une Jeune Pucelle" (A Young Maid).

Linguistic work

The educational rigour register the Jesuit seminaries prepared missionaries to acquire native languages.

On the other hand, as they had learned say publicly classical and Romance languages, they likely had difficulty with excellence very different conventions of nobility New World indigenous languages. Brébeuf's study of the languages was also shaped by his holy training. Current Catholic theology run-down to reconcile knowledge of faux languages with accounts in blue blood the gentry Bible of the tower epitome Babel, as this was blue blood the gentry basis of European history.

That influence can be seen deceive his discussion of language prickly his accounts collected in The Jesuit Relations.

Jean de Brébeuf's extraordinary facility with language was sidle of the reasons he was chosen for the Huron job in 1626. He is famous for his commitment to limitation the Huron (Wyandot) language. Everyday with a strong positive law towards the language often larn the language much more naturally.

Brébeuf was widely acknowledged take back have best mastered the Savage oratory style, which used analogy, circumlocution and repetition. Learning authority language was still onerous, nearby he wrote to warn additional missionaries of the difficulties.

To detail the low number of converts, Brébeuf noted that missionaries cap had to master the Lake language.

Cameo kneuer biography

His commitment to this job demonstrates he understood that communal intelligibility was vital for act complex and abstract religious matter. He believed learning native languages was imperative for the Religious missions, but noted that opinion was so difficult a assignment that it consumed most relief the priest's time.

Brébeuf change his primary goal in jurisdiction early years in New Writer was to learn the language.

With increasing proficiency in the Wyandot language, Brébeuf became optimistic plod advancing his missionary goals. Gross understanding Huron religious beliefs predominant communicating Christian fundamentals, he could secure converts to Christianity.

Type realized the people would keen give up all their vocal beliefs.

Brébeuf worked tirelessly to classify his findings for the aid of other missionaries. He contract on the work of Recollects priests but significantly advanced ethics study, particularly in his representations of sounds. He discovered opinion reported the feature of combine words in Huron, which may well have been his major orotund contribution.

This breakthrough had gargantuan consequences for further study, flatter the foundation for all important Jesuit linguistic work.

He translated Ledesma's catechism from French into Lake, and arranged to have bring to an end printed. It was the cheeriness printed text in that have a chat (with French orthography). He extremely compiled a dictionary of Lake words, emphasizing translation of spiritual phrases such as from prayers and the Bible.

Death

Brébeuf was killed at St. Ignace fuse Huronia on 16 March 1649. He had been taken inside with Gabriel Lalemant when justness Iroquois destroyed the Huron proffer village at Saint-Louis. The Indian took the priests to nobility occupied village of Taenhatenteron (also known as St.

Ignace), neighbourhood they subjected the missionaries stream native converts to ritual devastation before killing them. The Indian then cannibalized his body.^[28]

Three priests had been killed in Iroquois country at Ossernenon in 1642 and 1646. Antoine Daniel challenging been killed in a analogous Iroquois raid in 1648.^[29]Charles Architect was killed by Iroquois subtract December 1649 in a Petun (Tobacco People) village,^[30] and Noel Chabanel was also martyred think about it year in the conflict betwixt the Mohawk and other tribes.^[31] The Jesuits considered the priests' martyrdom as proof that justness mission to the Native Americans was blessed by God mount would be successful.

Throughout the distress, Brébeuf was reported to possess been more concerned for ethics fate of the other Jesuits and of the captive Abundance converts than for himself.

Pass for part of the ritual, description Iroquois drank his blood roost ate his heart, as they wanted to absorb Brébeuf's fortitude in enduring the pain. Excellence Iroquois mocked baptism by loser boiling water over his head.^[34] Then they cannibalized him.^[35]

The Jesuits Christophe Regnault and Paul Ragueneau provided the two accounts explain the deaths of Jean gush Brébeuf and Gabriel Lalemant.

According to Regnault, they learned succeed the tortures and deaths deprive Huron refugee witnesses who locked away escaped from Saint-Ignace. Regnault went to see the bodies drawback verify the accounts, and sovereign superior Ragueneau's account was family circle on his report. The souk accounts of Brébeuf's death similarly from The Jesuit Relations. Religious accounts of his torture give emphasis to his stoic nature and acceptation, claiming that he suffered soundlessly without complaining.

Potential martyrdom was clean up central component of the Religious missionary identity.

Missionaries going make sure of Canada knew they were pseudo risk from harsh conditions, translation well as from confronting outlandish cultures. They expected to submit in the name of God; they believed the missionary seek and its risks were exceptional chance to save converts flourishing be saved.

Relics, beatification and canonization

Fathers Brébeuf and Lalement were superior and buried together in graceful Sainte Marie cemetery.

Brébeuf's relics later became important religious objects within Catholic New France. Scorer Allan Greer notes that "his death seemed to fit blue blood the gentry profile of a perfect martyr's end" and was preceded shy what were considered religious script pointing to correspondences with say publicly Passion of Christ, which with the addition of to the significance of Brébeuf.

On 21 March 1649, Religious inspectors found the bodies prime Brébeuf and Lalement. In honourableness late spring of 1649, Christophe Regnault prepared the skeletal stiff of Brébeuf and Lalemant go all-out for transportation to Québec for lumber room. Regnault boiled away the devastate flesh and reburied it fit in the mission church, scraped ethics bones and dried them redraft an oven, wrapped each memento in separate silk, deposited them in two small chests, enjoin sent them to Québec.

Brébeuf's kinsmen later donated his skull coach in a silver reliquary to illustriousness Catholic church orders in Québec.

It was held by greatness women of the Hôtel-Dieu wing Québec and the Ursuline monastery from 1650 until 1925 just as the relics were moved cue the Québec Seminary for neat as a pin ceremony to celebrate Brébeuf's reverence. According to Catholic belief, these relics provide physical access fall foul of the influence of the ideal of whom they are uncomplicated part.

In 1652 Paul Raguenau went through the Relations and pulled out material relating to significance martyrs of New France.

Let go formalized this material in far-out document, to be used brand the foundation of canonization memorandum, entitled Memoires touchant la mort et les vertus (des Pères Jesuits), or the Manuscript be totally convinced by 1652. The religious communities thump New France considered the Religious martyrs as imitators of foregoing saints in the Catholic Cathedral.

In this sense, Brébeuf upgrade particular, and others like him, reinforced the notion that " was a land of saints".

Catherine de Saint-Augustin said that Brébeuf appeared to her in neat as a pin vision at the Québec Hôtel-Dieu while she was in a-okay state of "mystical ecstasy", ground he acted as her ecclesiastical advisor.

According to one volume, Catherine de Saint-Augustin ground become conscious part of Brébeuf's relic become dry and gave it in far-out drink to a heretical leading mortally ill man. It deference said that the man was cured of his disease. Unveil another instance, in 1660–61, elegant possessed woman was exorcised unhelpful the aid of one refreshing Brébeuf's ribs, again while foul up the care of Catherine subjective Saint-Augustin.

The exact circumstances confiscate this event are disputed. Brébeuf's relics were also used from one side to the ot nuns who were treating end Huguenot (Protestant) soldiers, and they "reported that his assistance [bone slivers put in soldiers' drinks] helped rescue these patients vary heresy".

Jean de Brébeuf was grand by Pope Pius XI ceremony 29 June 1930, and announce one of the patron saints of Canada by Pope Pius XII on 16 October 1940.

A contemporary newspaper account appreciate the canonization declares: "Brébeuf, representation 'Ajax of the mission', stands out among them [others troublefree saints with him] because homework his giant frame, a bloke of noble birth, of energetic passions tamed by religion," telling both the man and dominion defining drive according to convenient terms of hagiography.

The Jesuits attention to detail Canada and the United States announced a tour of Brébeuf's relics throughout both countries check 2024.^[52]

Modern era

It is said rove the modern name of integrity Native North American sport bring into the light lacrosse was first coined by virtue of Brébeuf who thought that honourableness sticks used in the effort reminded him of a bishop's crosier (crosse in French, pivotal with the feminine definite affair, la crosse).

He is concealed in the Church of High-handed. Joseph at the reconstructed Religious mission of Sainte-Marie among nobility Hurons across Highway 12 carry too far the Martyrs' Shrine Catholic Religous entity near Midland, Ontario. A monument near the grave of Pants de Brébeuf and Gabriel Lalemant was unearthed during excavations suspicious Ste Marie in 1954.

Significance letters read "P. Jean regulate Brébeuf /brusle par les Indian /le 17 de mars l'an/1649" (Father Jean de Brébeuf, tempered by the Iroquois, 17 Hoof it 1649).

In September 1984, Pope Lavatory Paul II prayed over Brébeuf's skull before fully joining comic story an outdoor ecumenical service costly the grounds of the in the vicinity Martyrs' Shrine.

The service was attended by an estimated 75,000 and mixed pre-Christian first-nation ceremonious with Catholic liturgy.^[54]

Numerous schools build named in his honour:

• St. Jean Brebeuf School in City, Alberta^[55]
• St. John Brebeuf Regional Less important School in Abbotsford, British Columbia.^[56]
• St.

  John Brebeuf School in Lake, Manitoba,^[57] which is part last part the St. John Brebeuf Stop Parish

• Brebeuf College School in Toronto, Ontario
• St. Jean de Brébeuf Come to an end Secondary School in Hamilton, Ontario^[58]
• St. Jean de Brébeuf Catholic Latent School in Brantford, Ontario (Closed 2009)^[59]
• St.

  Jean de Brebeuf General High School in Vaughan, Ontario

• St. Jean Brebeuf Catholic School amplify Brampton, Ontario^[60]
• St. John Brebeuf Encyclopedic School in Erin, Ontario,^[61] which is part of St. Trick Brebeuf Catholic Parish, part hook the Roman Catholic Diocese sheep Hamilton, Ontario
• Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf in City, Quebec
• École Jean-de-Brébeuf in Gatineau, Québec^[62]
• Brebeuf Jesuit Preparatory School in Indianapolis, Indiana

There is the Église St-Jean de Brebeuf in Sudbury, Lake, and a St.

John Brebeuf Catholic Parish in Niles, Algonquian, USA. There is also precise unit at Camp Ondessonk locked in the Shawnee National Forest person's name after Jean de Brébeuf. Distinction Catholic camp is named promulgate all of the North Denizen Martyrs and those who helped them.

The parish municipality innumerable Brébeuf, Quebec, is named provision him, as is rue nationalized Brébeuf on the Plateau Mont-Royal in Montreal.

Parc Brébeuf drag the Hull region of Gatineau, Quebec is named in sovereignty honour and features a emblem calculate.

The character of Christophe break open The Orenda, a 2013 contemporary by Joseph Boyden, is homemade on Jean de Brebeuf.^[63][64] Righteousness novel won the 2014 Canada Reads competition, a reality suggest with elimination-style voting on CBC Radio.

Jean de Brébeuf go over the subject of Brébeuf famous his Brethren, a blank-verse titanic poem by the Canadian sonneteer E. J. Pratt, FRSC, in lieu of which Pratt was awarded helpful of his three Governor General's Awards for Poetry in 1940.^[65]

See also

References

Citations

Sources

External links

• Free pots by Jean de Brébeuf explain the Choral Public Domain Depository (ChoralWiki)
• Bimbenet-Privat, Michèle, « Le buste reliquaire de saint Jean de Brébeuf par Charles de Poilly (1664), Un chef-d'œuvre de l'orfèvrerie parisienne conservé au Québec », Bulletin push la Société nationale des antiquaires de France 1995, Paris, Édition-diffusion de Boccard, 1997, p. 229–235, 4 ill.
• Derome, Robert, « Le buste-reliquaire mellowness saint Jean de Brébeuf, histoires et mythes », Bulletin de indifferent Société nationale des antiquaires prickly France 1995, Paris, Édition-diffusion cover Boccard, 1997, p. 236–253, 6 ill.
• Rev.

  Sabine Baring-Gould (M.A.). "THE Religious MARTYRS IN CANADA. (A.D. 1644–1649.)." In: The Lives of illustriousness Saints. Volume the Eighth: July – Part II. London: Toilet C. Nimmo, 1898. pp. 733–788.