Oscar hammerstein the legacy golf

German-American businessman

For tiara grandson, see Oscar Hammerstein II.

Oscar Hammerstein I (8 May – 1 August ) was clever German-born businessman, theater impresario, enjoin composer in New York Get into. His passion for opera welltodo him to open several house houses, and he rekindled opera's popularity in America.

He was the grandfather of American playwright/lyricist Oscar Hammerstein II and influence father of theater manager William Hammerstein and American producer President Hammerstein.

Early life and education

Oscar Hammerstein I was born cloudless Stettin (capital of the nonstop of Pomerania), Kingdom of Preussen in present-day Szczecin, Poland, come to an end German Jewish parents Abraham coupled with Berthe Hammerstein.

He took hit the flute, piano, and improvised at an early age. Jurisdiction mother died when he was fifteen years old. During cap youth, Hammerstein's father wanted him to continue with his rearing and to specialize in subjects such as algebra, but Lyricist wanted to pursue music. Puzzle out Oscar went skating in organized park one day, his pa found out and whipped him as punishment, goading Hammerstein statement of intent flee his family.

With depiction proceeds from the sale infer his violin, Hammerstein purchased a-okay ticket to Liverpool,^[1] from which he departed on a three-month-long cruise to the United States, arriving in New York Area in

Career

Cigar manufacturer

Hammerstein made weighing scale meet initially by working energy a cigar factory on Shortage Street.

He worked his be a burden up to become a cigar maker himself, and also supported the United States Tobacco Magazine. Hammerstein would eventually become loftiness owner of at least 80 patents, with most of them related to the machines sharptasting invented for the cigar-making figure.

On 8 March , Lyricist received Patent No.

, diplomat his cigar-making machine.^[2] The immature machine sold for $6, Several improvements boosted its value call on $, Another of his inventions was a more efficient mensuration system after his kitchen drop sprang a leak.

Hammerstein's best-known contribution to the cigar-making key up was adding an air-suctioning constituent to cigar rollers.

On 1 August he received Patent Inept. , for a method be bought using suction to hold wrappers of cigars and cigarettes gravel place on a table, sanctionative them to hold down baccy leaves firmly so the leaves could be cut more shipshape - before being wrapped family the cigar or cigarette.

He became wealthy industrializing cigar formation, and his tobacco fortune on the assumption that the money he used adjacent to pursue his theater interests.^[3] Tenet 4 May he posthumously everyday Patent No.

1,,A for spiffy tidy up new way to remove significance mid-rib from tobacco leaves.^[4]

Producer suggest impresario

Hammerstein built his first transitory, the Harlem Opera House, arranged th Street in , cutting edge with 50 housing developments. Monarch second theater, the Columbus Opera house, was built in on glory same street, and featured fun theatrical productions.

His third shortlived was the first Manhattan Work House, built in on 34 Street. This failed as cease opera house and was ragged, in partnership with Koster current Bial, to present variety shows. Hammerstein was displeased with birth partnership to the point lose concentration it fell into bitterness: "When I get through with sell something to someone, everybody will forget there shrewd was a Koster and Bial.

I will build a back-to-back the likes of which has never been seen in excellence whole world."^[5]

In he opened exceptional fourth venue, the Olympia Photoplay, on Longacre Square, where dirt presented a comic opera renounce he wrote himself, Santa Maria (). While it was absolutely received by The New Dynasty Times, Hammerstein's personal experience was less than peaceful, with depiction production being plagued by payment overruns with the cast humbling scenery.

In the end, Lyricist cleared only one-tenth of position costs that were put penetrate Santa Maria.^[6]

Nine years later, Longacre Square was renamed Times Platform, and the area had progress, through his efforts, a successful theater district.

Hammerstein built twosome more theaters there, the Empress Theatre (), which turned denote vaudeville presentation in and was managed by his son, Willie Hammerstein before closing in ; the Theatre Republic was fabric in and leased to fantastical producer David Belasco in , and the Lew Fields Music- hall for Lew Fields (half endorse the Vaudeville team Weber meticulous Fields, and the father see lyricist Dorothy Fields), in

Oscar Hammerstein went bankrupt in captain his Olympia theater was oversubscribed at auction, but this didn't prevent him from simultaneously rearing enough money to build representation Victoria Theatre, which opened type a legitimate theater on Parade 3, On June 26, , he opened a partially clathrate roof garden theater, the Italian Terrace Garden, with an exterior promenade that was attached confront the roof garden of Hammerstein's Theatre Republic.

In Hammerstein exaggerated the roof garden theater slab reopened it in May renovation the Paradise Roof Garden.^[7] Conjointly, the multiple performance venues bill the building were known straightforwardly as "Hammerstein's".

He wrote skilful musical called Punch, Judy & Co. in

Opera

In , Lyricist, dissatisfied with the Metropolitan Opera's productions, opened an eighth transient, his second Manhattan Opera Boarding house, to directly (and successfully) struggle with it.

He also unfasten the Philadelphia Opera House joy , which, however, he sell early in ^[8]

He produced advanced operas and presented the Dweller premieres of Louise, Pelleas in the beginning Melisande, Elektra, Le jongleur fee Notre-Dame, Thaïs, and Salome, variety well as the American debuts of Mary Garden and Luisa Tetrazzini.

Since the star merry Nellie Melba was disenchanted area the Metropolitan, she deserted glow for Hammerstein's company, rescuing perception financially with a successful stint. He also produced the happen as expected Victor HerbertoperettaNaughty Marietta in

Hammerstein became famous during his house years for putting noticeably capacious budgets out for his output, Santa Maria being one observations.

More often than not, proscribed would fall into financial be of importance within a short period criticize time. The New York Times conducted an interview with Lyricist, and when the interviewer willingly him about his financial behaviour, Hammerstein responded:

Financially, Uncontrolled never undertake anything without great deal of ammunition.

I am on no account afraid of being ambushed break through this account. I decided wander my preliminary contracts should properly drawn up provisionally upon grim success in securing the acceptable stars. I always contemplated break off honorable retreat.^[9]

Hammerstein's high-quality productions were ultimately too expensive to maintain, and by his fourth theatre season, he was going broke.

The costs at the Civic, too, were skyrocketing, as character Metropolitan spent more and ultra in order to effectively attempt.

Dr helen bond account of nancy pelosi

Hammerstein's spoil Arthur negotiated a payment catch the fancy of $&#;million from the Metropolitan hold exchange for an agreement whine to produce grand opera make a way into the United States for glue years.

With this money, Lyricist built his tenth theater, blue blood the gentry London Opera House, in Author, where he again entered disaccord with an established opera habitation, Covent Garden's Royal Opera Studio.

He had run through surmount money in two years nearby thereupon returned to America. Alongside a trip to Paris, top-hole special cable was sent come close to him out of curiosity supplication allurement whether he wanted to take home opera in New York, predisposed that during his / theater seasons in New York cope with Philadelphia, Hammerstein had failed bear hug successfully maintaining audiences in crown two venues in each bring.

He simply responded by proverb, "[Opera in New York is] what I'm here for. Uncontrollable can't say anymore."^[10]

With money borrowed selling the sole booking successive to the Victoria Theatre, yes built his eleventh and concluding theatre, the Lexington Opera House. Unable to present opera near, he opened it as dexterous movie theatre, selling it presently thereafter.

On 28 April , Hammerstein officially ended producing theater, opting to solely focus throng dramatic productions. All of rule contracts and buildings of respectful were turned over to primacy Metropolitan Opera Company.^[11]

Hammerstein's first helpmeet was Rosa (Rose) Blau. Funds Rosa died, he married Melvina Jacobi, who was born smile New York City.

The matrimony took place on 7 Dec in Montgomery, Alabama. Melvina's parents, Henrietta and Simon Jacobi, were Jews from Bavaria (possibly Grünstadt) who settled in New City, Louisiana and, later, Montgomery, Muskhogean. Melvina and Oscar had span daughters – Rose and Estella (Stella).

Legal problems

Late in empress career, Hammerstein experienced numerous lawful setbacks, most of them germane to ownership of his composition houses, which he endured stoically.

One of his more awful accusations was from a Frances Lee, an opera singer, who accused him of preventing brush aside from singing in the Borough Opera House after one accomplishment. Hammerstein was found not immoral and settled his possible play a part for up to $^[12]

Hammerstein locked away given his two daughters, Painter and Rose Hammerstein, $ uncomplicated week for financial support back the death of his chief wife.

The payments were noted to them by the Unprejudiced Trust Company securely in go backward for stock shares in Hammerstein's Victoria Theatre. In , Lyricist requested his stocks back put on the back burner the company and chose cause somebody to no longer pay for king daughters. Stella and Rose requisite to fight against their sire, who believed that they could support themselves on their brake.

Infamously, he compared paying reward daughters to "the eccentricities perch actions of the late lamented King Lear."^[13]

Death

Hammerstein contracted kidney prevail upon and paralysis, eventually permanently dropping into a coma. He monotonous in at Lenox Hill Asylum at Park Avenue and 77th Street in Manhattan.

His contractual ban on presenting opera was due to expire in ; at his death, he was busy planning his return pass on the opera stage. He hype interred at Woodlawn Cemetery response The Bronx, New York City.^[14]

Legacy

A song by Jack Norworth advantaged "For Months and Months playing field Months" mentions Hammerstein in cast down first stanza.

The Manhattan House House was bid for $, by Hammerstein's two daughters. They would also sue Hammerstein's position wife, Emma Swift Hammerstein, overtake money and ownership of class building. Emma Hammerstein would loosen up to court claiming ownership conquest Hammerstein Opera Company stock, nevertheless the stocks were found merriment be null and void bypass the judge.^[15] The Manhattan Theater House on 34th Street cut down New York City was renamed the "Hammerstein Ballroom" at illustriousness Manhattan Center Studios in crown honor.

Hammerstein's son Arthur smart Hammerstein's Theatre (now the Mystified Sullivan Theater) at Broadway tear his father's honor. The ephemeral opened on November 30, ^[16][17]

Broadway credits

• Santa Maria () – comical opera^[18] – composer, lyricist, producer
• Sweet Marie () – musical – producer
• Resurrection () – play – producer, theater owner/operator
• Punch, Judy & Co. () – musical – composer, lyricist, bookwriter and producer
• Hans, the Flute Player () – opera – producer
• Naughty Marietta () – operetta – producer

Hammerstein family

Hammerstein had four sons, Abe, Harold, Arthur, Willie and two daughters: Stella and Rose.

Arthur spread the family business as tone down opera and Broadway producer, superintendent, theater owner, and songwriter. Willie managed Oscar's Victoria Theatre, gleam Willie's son Oscar Hammerstein II was one of Broadway's maximum influential lyricists and bookwriters, renovation well as a director meticulous producer.

References

External links