Biography ni saint pedro calungsod life
Pedro Calungsod (Spanish: Pedro Calúñgsod or archaically Pedro Calonsor; July 21, 1654 – April 2, 1672), along with known as Peter Calungsod gift Pedro Calonsor, was a Broad Filipino-Visayan migrant, sacristan and clergyman catechist who, along with excellence Spanish Jesuit missionary Diego Luis de San Vitores, suffered devout persecution and martyrdom in Island for their missionary work bayou 1672.
While in Guam, Calungsod preached Christianity to the Chamorros in the course of catechesis, while baptizing infants, domestic, and adults at the chance and expense of being gaunt and eventually murdered.
Through Calungsod and San Vitores's missionary efforts, many native Chamorros converted run into Catholicism.
Calungsod was beatified on Strut 5, 2000, by Pope Privy Paul II, and canonized strong Pope Benedict XVI at Guardian Peter's Basilica in Vatican Nation on October 21, 2012.
Early majority and missionary work
Queen Mariana confess Austria, Regent of Spain, honesty benefactress of the mission happen next the Ladrones Islands later name in her honor.Birthplace dispute
Few minutiae of the early life counterfeit Calungsod (spelled Calonsor in Nation records) are known.
Historical registry do not mention his identical birthplace or birth date deliver merely identified him as "Pedro Calonsor, el Visayo". Historical test identifies Ginatilan in Cebu, Hinunangan and Hinundayan in Southern Leyte, Baybay in Leyte, and honourableness Molo district of Iloilo Skill as possible places of origin; Loboc, Bohol also makes clever claim.
Of these claims, picture one from Ginatilan, Cebu, evolution considered the strongest. Nonetheless, drifter four locations were within significance Diocese of Cebu at righteousness time of Calungsod's martyrdom.
Proponents faultless an Ilonggo origin argue ramble in the early Spanish interval, the term "Visayan" exclusively referred to people from the cay of Panay and the close at hand islands of Negros and Romblon.
In contrast, people from Island, Bohol, and Leyte were titled "Pintados". Thus, had he bent born in Cebu, he would have been referred to chimpanzee "Calonsor El Pintado" instead love "Calonsor El Visayo"; the expression "Visayan" receiving its present succession (i.e., including inhabitants of Metropolis, Bohol, and Leyte) sometime class 1700s.
However, American historian pole scholar John N. Schumacher disputes the Bisaya/Pintados dichotomy claim restructuring at that time the Pintados were also referred to chimpanzee Visayans regardless of location avoid said Calungsod "was a Visayan" and may have been on the contrary doubtfully "from the island bear out Cebu" or "could have recur any other Visayas islands".
The Metropolis camp reasoned that Ginatilan contains a high density of masses surnamed Calungsod and that not later than the beatification process, they were the initial claimants to acquiring been Calungsod's birthplace.
The Calungsods of Iloilo also claim give way to be the oldest branch, home-grown on baptismal records containing character surname "Calungsod" dating to in the neighbourhood of 1748, compared to branches clump Cebu and Leyte, which be endowed with baptismal records dating only look after 1828 and 1903, respectively.
Training contemporary arrival in Guam
In Cebu, Calungsod received primary education at spruce up Jesuit boarding school, mastering magnanimity Catechism and learning to dispatch in Spanish.
He also prospective honed his drawing, painting, melodic, acting, and carpentry skills, chimpanzee these were necessary for proselytizer work.
In 1668, Calungsod, then have a laugh 14, was amongst the verdant catechists chosen to accompany Country Jesuit missionaries to the Islas de Los Ladrones ("Isles line of attack Thieves"), which had been renamed the Mariana Islands the twelvemonth before to honor both honesty Virgin Mary and the mission's benefactress, María Ana of Oesterreich, Queen Regent of Spain.
Calungsod accompanied the priest Diego San Vitores to Guam to crossexamine the native Chamorros. Missionary authenticated on the island was hard as provisions did not become known regularly, the jungles and confederacy were difficult to traverse, streak the Marianas were frequently bowled over by typhoons.
The mission regardless persevered, and a significant circulation of locals were baptized.
Beatification
A period after the martyrdom of San Vitores and Calungsod, a method for beatification was initiated on the contrary only for San Vitores. Factional and religious turmoil, however, abeyant and halted the process inflame centuries.
In 1981, as Hagåtña was preparing for its Ordinal anniversary as a diocese, nobility 1673 beatification cause of San Vitores was rediscovered in tender m*cripts and revived until filth was finally beatified on Oct 6, 1985. This also gave recognition to Calungsod, paving depiction way for his beatification.
In 1980, Cardinal Ricardo Vidal, then-Archbishop hostilities Cebu, asked permission from glory Vatican to initiate Calungsod's obeisance and canonization cause.
In Advance 1997, the Sacred Congregation target the Causes of Saints favoured the acta of the diocesan beatification process. That same class, Vidal appointed Ildebrando Leyson sort vice-postulator for the cause, tasked with compiling a Positio Gaffer Martyrio ("position regarding the martyrdom") to be scrutinized by nobility Congregation.
The positio, which relied heavily on San Vitores's glorification do*entation, was completed in 1999.
Wanting to include young Asian laypersons in his first beatification aspire the Great Jubilee in 2000, Pope John Paul II salaried particular attention to the search out of Calungsod. In January 2000, he approved the decree super martyrio ("concerning the martyrdom") announcement Calungsod, scheduling his beatification nurse March 5 of that yr at Saint Peter's Square extract Rome.
Regarding Calungsod's charitable works obscure virtuous deeds, John Paul II declared:
...From his childhood, Pedro Calungsod declared himself unwaveringly for Sovereign and responded generously to sovereign call.
Young people today stare at draw encouragement and strength suffer the loss of the example of Pedro, whose love of Jesus inspired him to devote his teenage duration to teaching the faith variety a lay catechist. Leaving consanguinity and friends behind, Pedro amenably accepted the challenge put necessitate him by Fr. Diego retain San Vitores to join him on the Mission to prestige Chamorros.
In a spirit invoke faith, marked by strong Sacrament and Marian devotion, Pedro undertook the demanding work asked gradient him and bravely faced honesty many obstacles and difficulties good taste met. In the face break into imminent danger, Pedro would troupe forsake Fr. Diego, but significance a "good soldier of Christ", preferred to die at dignity missionary's side.
Sainthood
On December 19, 2011, the Holy See officially as it should be the miracle qualifying Calungsod give reasons for sainthood by the Roman Wide Church.
The recognized miracle dates from March 26, 2003, what because a woman from Leyte, decided clinically dead two hours subsequently a heart attack, was resurgent when an attending physician invoked Calungsod's intercession.
Cardinal Angelo Amato presided over the declaration ceremony glee behalf of the Congregation transport the Causes of Saints.
Perform later revealed that Pope Monastic XVI had approved and subscribed the official promulgation decrees institution the miracles as authentic tell worthy of belief. The Faculty of Cardinals was then kink a dossier on the another saints, and they were intentionally to indicate their approval. Send down February 18, 2012, after glory Consistory for the Creation enjoy Cardinals, Amato formally pe*ioned grandeur pope to announce the pristine saints' canonization.
On October 21, 2012, Pope Benedict XVI high-minded Calungsod in Saint Peter's Rectangular. The pope wore papal togs used only on special occasions. Cardinal Ricardo Jamin Vidal, birth Archbishop Emeritus of Cebu, concelebrated at the canonization M*.
San Pedro Calungsod Parish and Sanctuary footnote St. Padre Pio, AntipoloRelics
At rule canonization M*, Calungsod was description only saint without a important cl* relic exposed for deference, as his body had antique thrown into the sea favour lost.
The cutl* used make somebody's acquaintance hack Calungsod's head and caress was retrieved from Guam unreceptive Vidal and is now sweetheart as a second-cl* relic. Around the homily, Benedict XVI held that Calungsod received the Ritual of Absolution from San Vitores before his death.
Feast day
After Lorenzo Ruíz of Manila, Calungsod problem the second Filipino to promote to declared a saint by ethics Roman Catholic Church.
Since 2025, his feast has been wellknown on October 21, the cause a rift of his canonization, to service conflict with Holy Week fetch Eastertide. Prior to the moderate, his feast was celebrated from time to time April 2, his dies natalis (heavenly birthdate).
Saturday has been fixed as the weekly day demand devotions and novenas in crown honor, as he was stick on a first Saturday.
Birthplace issue
Various areas in the Visayan islands claim that Pedro Calungsod was born and raised there.
Wide-ranging research provided by the count research of Ginatilan, Cebu unsatisfactory a longstanding record of Calonsor and Calungsod natives from their area, from which a powerful claim had the most Calungsod natives originating since Filipino-Spanish stage since the late 1700s. According to the Parish Pastoral Diet William Pancho of Ginatilan, Island, there is a strong retrieve that in the mid-1600s, adjacent to were three Calungsod brothers:
- Valerio Calungsod, who migrated to Iloilo
- Casimiro Calungsod, who emigrated to Bohol
- Pablo Calungsod, who remained in Ginatilan, City, and was the father frequent Pedro Calungsod.
In a public televised interview with ABS-CBN chief healthy and newscaster Korina Sanchez, Chief Ricardo Jamin Vidal expressed enthrone dismay that when the recent beatification process of Pedro Calungsod began in the 1980s, ham-fisted city except for Ginatilan, Metropolis, was willing to come build up and claim credit for proforma Pedro's birthplace.
Not surprisingly, despite that, when Pedro's canonization became authentic, Catholic bishops from the within easy reach provinces of Cebu, Bohol, Leyte, Samar, Iloilo and various Island provinces suddenly came out light the woodwork, all laying state to be the "official birthplace" of the newly minted saint.
As a result, Vidal ruled guarantee he will not establish great definitive judgment on his cot since Spanish records only display the words "Pedro Calonsor, Mountain Visayo" as his native category.
Furthermore, he stated that resistance Visayan provinces were under birth ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Cebu during the Filipino-Spanish era.
Iconography
Calungsod is often portrayed residence incumbency a Catechism book, notably grandeur "Doctrina Christiana". Only known remaining copy by Fray Juan bring out Plasencia.Library of Congress, General, D.C. Circa 1590s.
It is crowd known what Calungsod looked materialize, as no contemporary depictions live. The writer Alcina, who was a contemporary of Pedro Calungsod, described the male Visayan indios of his time as in the main more corpulent, better built, remarkable somewhat taller than the Tagalogs in Luzon; that their doubtful was light brown; that their faces were usually round cope with of fine proportions; that their noses were flat; that their eyes and hair were black; that they – especially position youth – wore their yarn dyed in the wool c a little bit longer; put up with that they already started lay aside wear camisas (shirts) and calzones (knee-breeches).
Pedro Chirino, S.J., who also worked in the Visayas in the 1590s, similarly declared the Visayans as well-built, see pleasing countenance and light-skinned.
Calungsod level-headed often depicted as a minor young man wearing a camisa de chino that is now and again bloodied and usually dark, unconnected trousers.
His most famous parts are the martyr's palm possessed to his chest and birth Doctrina Christiana. He is delineated in mid-stride, occasionally also technique a rosary or crucifix choose indicate his missionary status. Kick up a rumpus some early statues, Calungsod remains shown with a spear subject catana (cutl*), the instruments disrespect his death.
In art
The saint translation he appears on a 2012 Philippine postage stampThe first portrayals stated to be of Pedro Calungsod were drawings made vulgar Eduardo Castrillo in 1994 footing the Heritage of Cebu Commemoration in Parian.
A bronze count on representing Calungsod was made duct forms part of the gravestone. Sculptors Francisco dela Victoria stomach Vicente Gulane of Cebu instruction Justino Cagayat, Jr., of Paete, Laguna, created statues representing Calungsod in 1997 and 1999, respectively.
Calungsod in SM Aura chapelWhen character Archdiocese of Manila in 1998 published the pamphlet Pedro Calungsod: Young Visayan "Proto-Martyr" by student Catalino Arevalo, SJ, the 17-year-old Ronald Tubid of Oton, Iloilo, then a student-athlete at justness University of the East, was chosen to model for a-one portrait representing Calungsod.
This was said to be the rationale for Rafael del Casal's trade in 1999, which was ungainly as the official portrait on line for Calungsod. This claim was denied by clergyman and book framer Ildebrado Leyson who *erts desert del Casal did not droukit or drookit an actual person as foundation for the portrait. The Icon Casal image is the extreme to feature a Christogram, position seal of the Society preceding Jesus, with which Calungsod was affiliated.
The original painting psychiatry now enshrined at the Archdiocesan Shrine of Saint Pedro Calungsod in Cebu City.
Several statues during Calungsod were also commissioned provision the beatification, with one humble to Rome and blessed harsh John Paul II. This became the "Pilgrim Image", now enshrined at the Archdiocesan Shrine staff the Black Nazarene of authority Society of the Angel confiscate Peace in Cansojong, Talisay, City.
Another image was enshrined tolerate the Archdiocesan Shrine of Guardian Pedro Calungsod in Cebu Area. Both images depict Calungsod fatiguing a white camisa (shirt) refuse trousers, with the martyr's paw agency, a rosary, and a petulant pressed to his breast. About the novena before his refreshment delight day, a replica of character catana used to kill him is set into the mess up of the statue.
For the sanctification celebrations, the chosen sculpture coarse Justino Cagayat, Jr., represented Calungsod in mid-stride and carrying interpretation Doctrina Christiana and the martyr's palm pressed to his trunk.
This image was brought be a consequence Rome for the canonization merrymaking. Upon its return to honesty Philippines, the image toured righteousness country. When not on clean up pilgrimage tour, the image appreciation enshrined at the Cebu Archdiocesan Shrine of Saint Pedro Calungsod in the archbishop's residence.
In film
Pedro Calungsod: Batang Martir is marvellous Filipino film with Rocco Nacino in the *le role on the loose on December 25, 2013, renovation an official entry to honesty 2013 Metro Manila Film Anniversary.
It was written and sure by Francis O. Villacorta don produced by HPI Synergy Set and Wings Entertainment.
Places and different named after Calungsod
Churches
- Cebu Archdiocesan Temple of Saint Pedro Calungsod, Archbishop's Residence Compound, 234 D. Jakosalem St., Cebu City
- Chapel of San Pedro Calungsod – SM Underflow Premier, Bonifacio Global City, Taguig
- Parokya ni San Pedro Calunsod, Diyosesis ng Lucena – Brgy.
Pury, San Antonio, Quezon
- San Pedro Calungsod Quasi Parish, Poblacion, Muntinlupa
- Chapel entrap San Pedro Calungsod, SM Beach, South Road Properties, Cebu City
- San Pedro Calungsod Parish and House of god of St. Padre Pio, Antipolo
- San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Sta. Catalina, Minalin, Pampanga
- San Pedro Calungsod Parish- Diocese of Surigao, Sta.
Cruz, Placer, Surigao del Norte
- San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Cantabaco, Toledo Megalopolis, Toledo City, Cebu
- San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Villa de Calamba, Calamba City
- San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Pulangbato, Cebu City
Films and theater
- 2013: Pedro Calungsod: Batang Martir
- 2014: "San Pedro Calungsod The Musical Stage Play"
Television
- Canonization Of Blessed Pedro Calungsod Telly Special Coverage (PTV 4, 2012)
- San Pedro Calungsod: Ang Ikalawang Santo Do*entary TV Special (ABS-CBN 2, 2013)
Educational ins*utions
- Academia de San Pedro Calungsod – Naga, Cebu
- St.
Pedro Calungsod Academy (formerly Blessed Pedro Calungsod Academy) – Pasig
- San Pedro Calungsod Learning Center – Carmen, Cebu
- San Pedro Calungsod Mission High school – Maribojoc, Bohol
- San Pedro Calungsod Montessori & Science School – San Pedro, Laguna
- San Pedro Calungsod Technical Vocational School, Inc.
– Zamboanga
See also
- List of Filipino Saints, Blesseds, and Servants of God
- Roman Catholicism in Guam
- Spanish-Chamorro Wars
References
Bibliography
- Arevalo, Catalino. Pedro Calungsod, Young Visayan Proto-Martyr, Archdiocese of Manila Youth The church 1998, New edition from goodness Daughters of St.
Paul, Beige 2000
- Leyson, Ildebrando Jesus. Pedro Calonsor Bisaya, Prospects of a Teenager Filipino, Cebu City, Claretian Publications 1999.
- Leyson, Ildebrando Jesus A. Pedro Calonsor Bissaya: Prospects of grand Teenage Filipino. Second Edition. Cebu: Basic Graphics, 2000. ISBN:971-501-834-3
- Putzu, Fr.
Salvatorre, "Pedro Calungsod, Young Catechist & Martyr", Second Edition, Paper, Word & Life Publications, Inc., 2012
- Bersales, Jose Eleazar Reynes, "San Pedro Calungsod: The Canonization Album," University Of San Carlos Hold sway over, Cebu, 2012
- Agualada, Jr., Salvador G., "Pedro Calungsod: Patron for righteousness Filipino Youth," Claretian Publications, Inc., Manila, 2012
- Orbeta, Ruben, "The Rite Cult of San Pedro Calungsod: a Filipino Response to loftiness Universal Call to Holiness," STL University Of America, New Dynasty, 2019
External links
- Pedro Calungsod Official site Archived September 22, 2020, story the Wayback Machine
- The Archdiocese remaining Cebu
- Website by the Postulatio Causae Beatificationis seu Canonizationis Beati Petri Calungsod
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