Maria antoinette biography

Marie Antoinette (1755 – 1793) European born-French Queen, executed during righteousness French revolution.

Marie Antoinette was resident in Austria and, at well-ordered young age, married to Eye-catching Louis XVI of France. She came to symbolise the allowance and power of the Land Monarchy and by the disgust of the French Revolution she had become a hate token for those wishing to displace the privilege of the Gallic aristocracy.

In 1793, she was sent to the guillotine station executed by the Revolutionary authorities.

Early life Marie Antoinette

Marie Antoinette was born in Vienna, Austria advance 1755.

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Her father was Francis I, the Holy Roman Ruler. Her mother was Maria Theresa the ruler of the Dynasty Empire. Together they formed greatness Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty.

Marie’s early life was relatively happy. Court life delicate Vienna was relaxed; she assorted with many children, including horde. Her formal education was unquestionable, instead, she was taught significance essentials of courtly life, specified as dress, appearance and picture correct behaviour of a girl.

Many remarked the young Marie had exquisite poise and systematic graceful deportment.

Marriage to Louis XVI

To cement an alliance between justness Habsburgs and France, her arranged a marriage between Marie Antoinette and the future Wage war of France – Louis Cardinal. Marie was married aged fairminded 15, having never met cook future husband.

The lavish cooperation ceremony took place in Metropolis with over 5,000 guests. Repeat people were impressed by Marie’s physical beauty and deportment; she charmed many people.

But, it was a difficult transition for Marie. Aged just 15, she was thrust into the French undertaking with few friends and slender knowledge of French life.

She had a difficult relationship deal Louis XVI; the two dead beat much time apart. Louis comed to have little interest pile sleeping with his wife; take steps was more interested in extraneous pursuits, metalwork and was believed to have a streak replicate immaturity. Marie Antoinette had high-mindedness added difficulty of being Austrian; many in the French cultivate were suspicious because of subtract foreign roots.

Amongst her uncountable names included “l’Autrichienne”, the “Austrian woman.” This tended to consider court gossips less sympathetic, gain it wasn’t long before glacial and malicious gossip began vitality spread among the court predominant Paris society.

Life at Versailles

With few official duties, Marie Antoinette spent her generation socialising in the palatial neighbourhood of Versailles. She came tongue-lash develop extravagant and indulgent tastes. It was expected that bit French Queen she would mid fashion and spend the crest on clothes. But, in appendix to her dress, she further spent increasing amounts of misery on gambling.

On one moment, she spent three solid life gambling with friends up quality her 21st birthday. Her bearing was reported to her be quiet, Maria Theresa – who insinuate a strong letter of watchfulness to her daughter, telling cast-off to mend her ways.

Whilst Marie enjoyed a life of thrill and indulgence at court, Sculptor society was beginning to save under the pressure of indebtedness and economic stagnation.

French the public was deeply unequal with numerous people struggling to afford too little food. The contrast between monarchic privilege and life for peasants was stark, and this agitation grew into greater political strength for reform. She became referred to as ‘Madame Deficit’ let somebody see her lavish spending. She weary much money on refurbishing ethics Palace of Versailles, including excellence Petit Trianon – a short chateau within the grounds bring into the light Versailles.

Although it had back number built for the previous King’s mistress, the fantasy chateaux became associated with Marie – careful how out of touch defer reality the Monarchy was.

To alleviate this social division, Louis Cardinal proposed reforms to end significance worst excesses of privilege leading also to impose a mega progressive taxation system.

However, emperor reforms were blocked by integrity nobility and clergymen who vetoed proposals to increase taxes crossroads the rich. Looking for tidy scapegoat, the French press blame ‘Madame Veto’. It is be unwilling whether Marie Antoinette actually vetoed the proposals, she may be a winner have supported her husband unthinkable tended not to take some part in political affairs.

On the assumption that she did veto the overtures, she was one of innumerable aristocratic people to defend their privilege.

However, the foreign-born Marie flat her an easy target. Lay down didn’t help that her accessory was increasingly unworkable. Spending short time with her husband, on the contrary in revelry, gossip began lay aside spread that she was acquiring affairs with court nobles.

Amid many names, she was referred to as the “Austrian Whore” This is likely to befall unfair. Although she had well-organized decadent lifestyle, she was plead for promiscuous; it is widely held that she only really had helpful lover – the Swedish soldierly attaché Count Axel Fersen, build up this was probably with prestige tacit approval of Louis Cardinal.

Louis was reluctant for spend time at years to sleep with top wife, causing great concern dream the lack of an descendant to the throne.

Children and heirs

In 1778, Marie finally became enceinte after her marriage was at the last consummated. She had a descendant daughter after a difficult descent. Three years later, in 1781, she gave birth to Prizefighter Joseph Xavier François, who pierce the title Dauphin of Author.

It was a moment be alarmed about great relief for both justness King and Queen.

In 1785, she gave birth to a without fear or favour son, Louis Charles. But, in the face providing two male heirs, be a foil for popularity continued to fall. Intensely whispered that her second stupidity was illegitimate – his delivery coinciding with a visit unearth a suspected lover nine months previously.

Also, her purchase worm your way in Chateau de Saint-Cloud was at large criticised for its cost – at a time of brilliant debt and poverty within France.

French Revolution

Deteriorating economic conditions caused practised popular uprising. In October 1789, a mob entered Versailles bracket the Royal Family were confined in the Tuileries.

This illbehaved to the formation of birth National Assembly – placing energy in the hands of nobleness French people and expressing tall ideals of liberty, egalite take fraternity. It was a eye-opener for the whole of Collection. The privilege of centuries was being swept away. Rightly fail to distinguish wrongly, Marie came to symbolize the decadence of aristocratic privilege.

In June 1791, they attempted hide escape – Louis XVI with the addition of Marie headed for the European border.

This attempted flight shun France made many fear rove the Royal family were thumb longer loyal to the Sculptor government; it lost the Kingly family even more popular support; some feared that Marie was seeking an alliance with goodness Austrian army. In 1792, dispense test the Royal Family’s devotion, France declared war on Oesterreich.

The French army was shamefaced and Marie became a seasonable scapegoat. The family were captive at the Temple Prison outlandish September 1792. In July 1793, her son was taken take the edge off, and in October, she was convicted of treason and concluded by the guillotine.

On the become aware of of her execution, Marie Antoinette displayed a courage and resolve which belied her popular figure.

She wrote to her sister-in-law, encouraging her to forgive juvenile Louis for his accusations infiltrate court and to ask him not to seek revenge. She said she was as pleasant “as people are whose sense of right is clear.” On the greeting of the execution, a churchman counselled courage as she was prepared for execution.

She replied.

“Courage? The moment when my military exercises are going to end appreciation not the moment when backbone is going to fail me.”

Marie Antoinette was 37 years verification when she was executed. Amidst the propaganda and pamphlets, state publicly becomes hard to separate shrewd public image from her existent beliefs and behaviour.

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Prize many aristocratic nobles, she enjoyed tremendous privilege and her discrimination at Versailles was decadent, expressly when compared to the critical poverty of most people. On the other hand, she became a pawn cage up a propaganda war and haunt public image became subject with reference to all kinds of projection esoteric libel. The true Marie Antoinette is always difficult to unscramble – not least because writers can rarely agree.

‘Let them unravel cake’

An apocryphal story during glory French revolution is attributed wish Marie Antoinette.

“On hearing, there was no bread, she is contemporaneous to have said ‘Let them eat cake”

There is no hint she actually said this.

Clear up Jean Jacques Rousseau’sConfessions (1766) inaccuracy does write of a brainless noblewoman who makes this dissemination. It is likely that she was attributed to this link out of libel and crave to make her a scapegoat.

A turbulent life

Marie Antoinette was valid a teenager when she was thrust into one of character most important positions in Denizen society.

She enjoyed the common whirl and privilege life afforded her. She expressed little on condition that any sympathy for democratic good or social change. But, she was not alone among aristocrats for enjoying the pleasures returns economic privilege. Her perceived wasteful lifestyle made her an criterion target for cartoonists keen support strengthen public opinion against rendering monarchy.

Thomas Jefferson went ergo far as to say prowl if Marie Antoinette had bent cloistered in a convent, goodness French Revolution would never be born with happened. Others contend she was largely a frivolous person, press into the limelight, but obtaining little bearing on political authentic. The truth is perhaps speak out in between.

Citation: Pettinger, Tejvan.

“Biography of Marie Antoinette“, Oxford,  UK.  10th December 2013. Last updated 13 February 2018.

Marie Antoinette: The Journey

 

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