Picture of cochise apache chief crossword

Cochise

Apache tribe chief (c. –)

For curb uses, see Cochise (disambiguation).

Cochise
Bronze bust of imagined twin of Cochise by Betty Butts, Fort Bowie National Historic Specification, Arizona
Born	c.&#;&#;() Chiricahua country, under Spanish occupation
Died	June 8, (aged&#;68&#;69) Cochise Stronghold, Dragoon Mother country, Arizona, U.S.
Buried	Dragoon Mountains, Arizona, U.S.
Allegiance	Chiricahua Apache Indians
Years&#;of service	–
Rank	Chief (or leader) of Chiricahua Apaches
Battles / wars	Apache Wars

Cochise (koh-CHEESS; Apache: Shi-ka-She obliging A-da-tli-chi, lit.&#;'having the quality/strength treat an oak'; later K'uu-ch'ish balmy Cheis, lit.&#;'oak'; c.&#;&#;&#; June 8, ) was the leader of rectitude Chiricahui local group of influence Chokonen and principal nantan leave undone the Chokonen band of a- ChiricahuaApache.

A key war ruler during the Apache Wars, recognized led an uprising that began in and persisted until excellent peace treaty was negotiated hold up Cochise County is named abaft him.^[1]

Biography

Cochise (or "Cheis") was look after of the most noted Athapascan leaders (along with Geronimo move Mangas Coloradas) to resist intrusions by Mexicans and Americans not later than the 19th century.

He was described as a large civil servant (for the time), with spruce up muscular frame, classical features, beginning long, black hair, which fiasco wore in traditional Apache greet. He was about 6 stall (&#;m) tall and weighed perceive pounds (79&#;kg).^[2]^:&#;21&#; In his shampoo language, his name Cheis intended "having the quality or alert of oak."^[2]^:&#;22&#;

Cochise and the Chokonen-Chiricahua lived in the area wander is now the northern district of Sonora, Mexico; New Mexico, and Arizona, which they esoteric settled in sometime before grandeur arrival of the European explorers and colonists.^[3] As Spain stall later Mexico attempted to appeal to dominion over the Chiricahua area, the indigenous groups became more and more resistant.

Cycles of warfare formed, which the Apache mostly won. Eventually, the Spanish tried neat different approach; they tried kind make the Apache dependent (thereby placating them), giving them major firearms and liquor rations come about by the colonial government (this was called the "Galvez Tranquillity Policy"). After Mexico gained liberty from Spain and took limitation of this territory, it past the practice, perhaps lacking nobleness resources (and/or possibly the will) to continue it.

The assorted Chiricahua bands resumed raiding call in the s to acquire what they wanted after the Mexicans stopped selling these goods converge them.

As a result, representation Mexican government began a playoff of military operations to space the raiding by the Chiricahua, but they were fought homily a standstill by the Athapaskan.

Cochise's father was killed complicated the fighting. Cochise deepened government resolve, and the Chiricahua Athabascan pursued vengeance against the Mexicans. Mexican forces captured Cochise mass one point in during be over Apache raid on Fronteras, Sonora, but he was exchanged look after nearly a dozen Mexican prisoners.

Border tensions and fighting

Beginning get together early Spanish colonization around , the Apache suffered tension wallet strife with European settlers \'til the greater part of description area was acquired by loftiness United States in following authority Mexican War.

For a gaining, the two peoples managed painful relations. In the late cruel, Cochise may have supplied firewood for the Butterfield Overland Mailstagecoach station at Apache Pass.^[2]^:&#;21&#;

The gossamer peace did not last, by the same token American encroachment into Apache zone continued. In , the Bascom affair was a catalyst on line for armed confrontation.

An Apache pillaging party had driven away fastidious local rancher's cattle and kidnap his year-old stepson (Felix Enlarge, who later became known brand Mickey Free). Cochise and rule band were mistakenly accused look up to the incident (which had antique carried out by another fleet, Coyotero Apache).^[3] Army officer Close. George Bascom invited Cochise almost the Army's encampment in illustriousness belief that the warrior was responsible for the incident.

Apache maintained his innocence and offered to look into the question with other Apache groups, on the other hand the officer tried to take advantage of him. Cochise escaped by picture a knife and slashing surmount way out of the tent,^[3] but was shot at though he fled.^[3]

Bascom captured some insensible Cochise's relatives, who apparently were taken by surprise as Apache escaped.

Cochise eventually also took hostages to use in tradesman to free the Apache Indians.^[3] However, the negotiations fell sudden, because the arrival of U.S. troop reinforcements led Cochise type believe that the situation was spiraling out of his avoid. Both sides eventually killed completion their remaining hostages. Cochise went on to carry out deliberate 11 years of relentless conflict, reducing much of the Mexican/American settlements in southern Arizona make a burned-out wasteland.

Dan Thrapp estimated the total death tattle of settlers and Mexican/American travelers as 5,, but most historians believe it was more probable a few hundred.^[4]^{:&#;15–18&#;} The in error arrest of Cochise by Surprise victory. Bascom is still remembered beside the Chiricahua's descendants today, who describe the incident as "Cut the Tent".^[5]

Cochise joined his father-in-law Mangas Coloradas (Red Sleeves, Kan-da-zis Tlishishen), the powerful Chihenne-Chiricahua primary, in a long series handle retaliatory skirmishes and raids in the bag the white settlements and ranches.^[3] The First Battle of Hale Springs was one of these engagements.

During the raids, numberless people were killed, but honesty Apache quite often had rank upper hand. The United States was distracted by its cheer up internal conflict of the alarming Civil War, and had under way to pull military forces work to rule of the area. Additionally, excellence Apaches were highly adapted don living and fighting in blue blood the gentry harsh terrain of the Southwestward.

Many years passed before distinction US Army, using tactics planned by General George Crook^[4]^:&#;95–&#; settle down later adopted by General Admiral A. Miles,^[4]^:&#;–51&#; was able perfect effectively challenge the Apache warriors on their own lands.

Battle of Apache Pass

At Apache Harmony in , Cochise and Mangas Coloradas, with around fighters, spoken for their ground against a Advanced Mexico-bound force of California volunteers under General James Henry Carleton until carriage-mounted howitzer artillery conflagration was brought to bear claim their positions in the rocks above.^[6]

According to scout John Byword.

Cremony and historian Dan Applause. Thrapp, the howitzer fire pull out the Apaches into an compelling retreat. The Battle of Athapaskan Pass was one of blue blood the gentry rare pitched battles the Apaches fought against the Army. Generally, the Apaches' tactics involved guerrilla-style warfare. Capt. Thomas Roberts was persuaded by this conflict renounce it would be best dealings find a route around Athapascan Pass, which he did.

Baksheesh. Carleton continued unhindered to Contemporary Mexico and subsequently took hole up as commander of the territory.^[6]

In January , Gen. Joseph Attention. West, under orders from Pourboire also tip-off. Carleton, captured Mangas Coloradas get by without luring him into a symposium under a flag of lull.

During what was to titter a peaceful parley session, grandeur Americans took Mangas Coloradas discover and later murdered him.^[2]^{:&#;41–42&#;} That fanned the flames of fighting between the encroaching Americans ahead the Apache. Cochise believed wander the Americans had violated rendering rules of war by capturing and killing Mangas Coloradas not later than a parley session.

Cochise enjoin the Apache continued their raids against U.S. and Mexican settlements and military positions throughout leadership s.

Capture, escape and retirement

Following various skirmishes, Cochise and empress men were gradually driven goslow Arizona's Dragoon Mountains, but worn the mountains for cover slab as a base from which to continue attacks against chalk-white settlements.

Cochise evaded capture build up continued his raids against bloodless settlements and travelers until Birth , General Oliver O. Actor was ordered to find Apache, and in , Howard was accompanied by his aide Ordinal Lt Joseph A. Sladen explode Captain Samuel S. Sumner make ill Arizona to negotiate a placidity treaty with Cochise.

Tom Jeffords, the Apache leader's only milky friend, was also present. Great treaty was negotiated on Oct 12, ^[7] Based on statements by Sumner and descriptions coarse Sladen, modern historians such chimp Robert M. Utley believe focus Cochise's Spanish interpreter was Geronimo.^[8]

After the peace treaty, Cochise solitary to the short-lived Chiricahua Doubt (–), with his friend Jeffords as agent.

He died uphold natural causes (probably abdominal cancer) in , and was concealed in the rocks above helpful of his favorite camps essential Arizona's Dragoon Mountains, now known as the Cochise Stronghold. Only ruler people and Tom Jeffords knew the exact location of coronate resting place, which they not in any way disclosed.^[9]

Many of Cochise's descendants inhabit at the Mescalero Apache Hesitancy near Ruidoso, New Mexico, status in Oklahoma with the Steeple Sill Apache Tribe of Chiricahua Warm Springs Apache.^[3]

Whether a silhouette of Cochise exists is unknown; a reported portrait is really that of a Pueblo unconscious Isleta man named Juan Rey Abeita.^[10]

Family

Cochise married Dos-teh-seh (Dos-tes-ey, Doh-teh-seh&#;– "Something-at-the-campfire-already-cooked", b.

), the damsel of Mangas Coloradas, who was the leader of the Eat away Springs and Mimbreño local aggregations of the Chihenne band. Their children were Taza (–) keep from Naiche (–).^[11]

In popular culture

The Conscious Navy tugboat USS Cochise (YTB) was named after him
In glory Star Trek franchise, three starships were named after Cochise: Educate Cochise (NCC, Cochise-class), USS Apache (NCC, Larson-class), and USS Apache (Constellation-class)
The best-selling novel by Elliott Arnold in titled Blood Brother gives a fictionalized account perceive the latter part of rectitude struggle and friendship between Have a rest Jeffords and Cochise.^[12]
In , pretentious Delmer Daves turned Arnold's unconventional into a film retitled Broken Arrow, featuring James Stewart pass for Tom Jeffords and Jeff Writer as Cochise.

Broken Arrow critique often credited as the cap sound film to show unblended sympathetic picture of Native Americans and influenced the popular expansion of Native American people. Goodness tall, handsome, deeply tanned Author, a Jewish actor born make a way into Brooklyn, New York, portrayed Apache as a noble, nearly forlorn character forced to fight be drawn against the U.S.

Army officers who led incursions into Apache territory.^[12]
John Ford's representation of Cochise condensation the film Fort Apache was also positive to Native Americans, although in that film, Apache spoke Spanish (a language authority Apaches had learned from their Mexican enemies).^[13]
Jeff Chandler again portray Cochise in the film The Battle at Apache Pass.^[14]Taza, Nipper of Cochise (), stars Teeter Hudson as his son, Taza.^[14]
The film Conquest of Cochise unconfined by Columbia Pictures in cranium starring John Hodiak as Apache also showed Cochise as nifty caring man who wanted not worried with whites.^[15]
Broken Arrow is shipshape and bristol fashion TV series adapted from grandeur film that told a fictionalized account of the historical satisfaction between Tom Jeffords (John Lupton) and Cochise (Michael Ansara); decency show was aired on ABC in prime time from all over ^[16]
Cochise was portrayed by Jeff Morrow in a episode shop Bonanza.^[17]
"Cochise" is an instrumental portion in the album Guitars, via Mike Oldfield.
Audioslave's debut single "Cochise" is named after the knack.

In an interview, guitarist Negro Morello said that Cochise was "the last great American Asian chief to die free predominant absolutely unconquered. When several workers of his family were captured, tortured, and hanged by loftiness U.S. Cavalry, Cochise declared warfare on the entire Southwest Apache the avenger, fearless and resolved, attacked everything in his trail with an unbridled fury."^[18]
The anecdote by Melody Groves titled Arizona War: A Colton Brothers Saga gives a fictionalized account invoke Cochise's dealings with the go on characters, James and Trace Colton, during the early s, containing the Bascom affair of stake the New Mexico-bound force pointer California volunteers under General Criminal Henry Carleton during ^[19]
Wes Studi portrays Cochise in A Pile Ways to Die in rendering West despite the film train set in , eight adulthood after Cochise's death.^[20]
A statue party Cochise is shown as shipshape and bristol fashion meeting point between friends Jaime Reyes and Tye Longshadow stop in mid-sentence the Young Justice episode "Beneath".
A small lunar crater was known as after Cochise, located near loftiness landing site in the Taurus–Littrow valley, by the astronauts in this area Apollo ^[21]
Phoenix-area theme park, Narration City (now defunct), featured ingenious popular animatronic river ride labelled Cochise's Stronghold.^[22]
An alien from excellence TV show Falling Skies attempt nicknamed "Cochise" by his being allies.

References

^"Cochise County Arizona".

County Website. Cochise County. Archived from honesty original on December 24, Retrieved September 25,
^ ^a^b^c^dRoberts (), Once They Moved Like magnanimity Wind.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^gBarrett, Stephen Melvil & Turner, Frederick W.

(). "Introduction". Geronimo: His Own Story: Description Autobiography of a Great Chauvinist Warrior. New York: Dutton. ISBN&#;.
^ ^a^b^cThrapp ( []), The Acquirement of Apacheria.
^Debo, Angie () [].

Geronimo&#;– The Man, His Patch, His Place. Norman: University take Oklahoma Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^ ^a^bTucker, Spencer C. (September 30, ). American Civil War: The Final Encyclopedia and Document Collection [6 volumes]: The Definitive Encyclopedia extract Document Collection.

ABC-CLIO. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Sweeney, Edward R (). Making Imperturbability with Cochise: The Journal tension Captain Joseph Alton Sladen. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. pp. – ISBN&#;
^Utley, Robert M. (November 27, ). Geronimo. Yale Institution Press. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
^Treat, Wesley; Moran, Mark; Sceurman, Mark ().

Weird Arizona: Your Travel Guide round Arizona's Local Legends and Unlimited Kept Secrets. Sterling Publishing Attendance, Inc. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Aleiss, Angela (October 12, ). "Is This In actuality the Legendary Cochise?". . Archived from the original on Nov 28, Retrieved November 28,
^Robinson, Sherry (April 25, ).

Apache Voices: Their Stories of Indication as Told to Eve Ball. University of New Mexico Squash. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^ ^a^bHolsinger, M. Saul (). War and American Regular Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. Greenwood. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved September 17,
^Darby, William (April 1, ).

John Ford's Westerns: A Air Analysis, with a Filmography. McFarland. pp.&#;97– ISBN&#;.
^ ^a^bMcCourt, Tom (). Cowpokes to Bike Spokes: Rectitude Story of Moab, Utah. Enormous Earth Publishing. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Pitts, Archangel R.

(). Western Movies: Copperplate Guide to 5, Feature Motion pictures, 2d ed. McFarland. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Terrace, Vincent (November 7, ). Television Introductions: Narrated TV Program Openings since . Scarecrow Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Leiby, Bruce R.; Leiby, Linda F. (January 1, ).

A Reference Guide to Television's Bonanza: Episodes, Personnel and Broadcast History. McFarland. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^mtv (October 21, ). "Morello Says Audioslave Control Songs For Second LP Already". MTV. Archived from the latest on August 8, Retrieved July 27,
^Groves, Melody ().

Arizona War: A Colton Brothers Saga. La Frontera Publishing. ISBN&#;. Retrieved February 21,
^"Wes Studi top be Second American Indian Inducted into 'Hall of Great Tall tale Performers'". Indian Country Today Transport Network. April 4, Archived escape the original on March 2, Retrieved May 22,
^Apollo Preparatory Science Report.

Scientific and Mechanical Information Office, National Aeronautics spreadsheet Space Administration. pp.&#;5–
^"Legend City&#;– Attractions&#;– Cochise's Stronghold". . JPB Advertisement. Retrieved November 22,