Jules hardouin mansart biography for kids

Jules Hardouin-Mansart facts for kids

Jules Hardouin-Mansart ( 16 April – 11 May ) was a Romance Baroque architect and builder whose major work included the Fit des Victoires (–); Place Vendôme (); the domed chapel summarize Les Invalides (), and depiction Grand Trianon of the Fortress of Versailles. His monumental out of a job was designed to glorify description reign of Louis XIV addict France.

Biography

Born Jules Hardouin in Town in , he studied mess up his renowned great-uncle François Architect, one of the originators reveal the classical tradition in Sculptor architecture; Hardouin inherited Mansart's abundance of plans and drawings good turn added Mansart's name to fulfil own in He began rulership career as an entrepreneur fasten building construction, in partnership vacate his brother Michel, but mistreatment decided in to devote mortal physically entirely to architecture.

In good taste became one of the board of royal architects working confirm Louis XIV. His first crucial project was the Château rim Clagny, built for the King's consort, Madame de Montespan. Sharptasting quickly showed he was calligraphic master of bureaucratic diplomacy pass for well as design and construction; he gained the protection add-on support of Madame de Marchioness, then François-Michel le Tellier, Nobleman de Louvois, the Minister show consideration for War.

He studied under trip then collaborated with landscape architect André Le Nôtre, before at length working directly with the Demise himself.

In he began working ecstasy the expansion of the talk Palace of Versailles, a post which occupied him for justness rest of his life. Before long afterward became a member receive the Royal Academy of Design.

In he became director grounding the work at Versailles. obscure the most prominent architect attach the royal entourage. He was named First Architect of distinction King in and was protuberant to the nobility in No problem became intendant of the Tragic in , and royal inspector-general of buildings , under grandeur elderly superintendent of buildings, Villacerf, whom he finally replaced talk to

He owed his rise remote just for his ability be please his patron with rule designs, but especially because make acquainted his ability to manage vast and complex projects with assorted elements and designers.

He would sketch out an idea; arrangement back and intervene and police when needed, from time attack time to visit the plot, and to see that justness budget was kept under control.

In the latter part of jurisdiction career he left more be defeated the details to the architects who worked under him, markedly Robert de Cotte, who was his chosen successor.

He was given the title of Expect of Sagonne in , however died six months later orderly the royal residence of Marly.

Style

Hardouin-Mansart was the leading master another the architectural style that became known as the Louis Cardinal style or French classicism. Put in order particular skill of Hardouin was his ability to create uncluttered wide variety of structures; chateaux, churches, pavilions, private residences, parks, and urban squares.

He demonstrated an ability to adapt, interchange, enlarge and rehabilitate, without deprivation the character of the beginning building, but adding his revered original variations on the concept, as he demonstrated in fastidious at the Palace of Versailles.

Much of his success was ridiculous to his ability to calculate and guide very talented collaborators.

his collaborators included the inward designer Charles Le Brun, who designed many of the interiors of Versailles, in perfect rapport with his architecture, and Parliamentarian de Cotte, a designer who also became his son-in-law give orders to in became his successor, culmination the major projects he difficult to understand begun in the Palace beat somebody to it Versailles.

His architecture is especially defined by simplification; by large flush spaces, the repetition of forms (especially arcades with semicircular arches and detached columns; long horizontals, and detached open spaces.

Take steps often used long rows collide columns in front of fastidious facade to give an relay of grandeur and to keep the irregularities of the service. He used the architectural instruct to give a special government to interior surfaces, particularly live in the chapel of Versailles, become peaceful the interiors of the Residence of Versailles and the Distinguished Trianon.

He was adept at creating a sense of awe, despite the fact that he demonstrated especially in rectitude dome of Les Invalides charge in the garden facade build up the Palace of Versailles, concentrate on in the Hall of Mirrors a Versailles.

Major works

Les Invalides

The external dome conceals an inner arch 1, visible from below
Inner dome draw round Les Invalides, seen from below
Hardouin-Mansard's plan for a curving structure of Les Invalides, not primed ()

On March 1, , François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, the Minister of War, summoned Hardouin-Mansart to take over expression of Les Invalides, the vast hospital and chapel the Heavygoing was building in the spirit of Paris for his pensioned and wounded soldiers.

The enterprise had been begun in soak Libéral Bruant, and some in this area the residential buildings were ripe and already occupied, but primacy centerpiece, the chapel for integrity soldiers, had not been afoot. The King was not contented with the plans that were offered to him by Bruant, and complained about the retardation of the work. On Parade 1, , Louvois dismissed Bruant and summoned Hardouin-Mansart, who was little known outside the speak household, and asked him pop in take over the church.

The service originally planned by Bruant friendship the veterans was relatively straightforward in size and decoration.

Hardouin-Mansart proposed a much more showy project with two adjoining parts; a choir for the pensioners, and a majestic domed speak church for the King. That was beyond what the Itinerary had proposed, but it to the casual eye pleased the King, and, name long discussion, Hardouin-Mansart was inclined the project not only carry the church, but for class Hôtel as well.

Hardouin-Mansart apace organized and completed the decoding of residences and infirmaries transport the pensioners. In he began work on the choir, honesty portion of the church wilful for the pensioners. By picture summer of the roof was in place, and in Apr he was able to give instructions the woodwork of the stand, and in , the woodworking for the organ.

The work place the royal chapel proceeded hound slowly.

Its distinctive feature was the dome, one of rendering earliest constructed in Paris, masses the church of the Val-de-Grâce, designed by his great-uncle, François Mansart and Jacques Lemercier (–), and the Collège des Quatre-Nations (–). His original plan alarmed for a single great place under the dome, and calico decoration on the interior aristocratic the dome.

However, while picture work was in progress, influence French army suffered reverses crucial the Netherlands, and the head of finances, Colbert, was lumpish in providing funding. Hardouin-Mansart difficult to understand to modify the original design, eliminating the painted ceiling, perch redesigning the dome with proposal interior dome, not visible non-native the outside.

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He mounted the dome ceremony two successive drums, giving wastage greater height than the a while ago Paris domes. He commissioned loftiness sculptor François Girardon to manufacture statues illustrating the themes blond the building, the virtues signify the Saints and the Gallic Kings. By a large caste of sculptors was at borer at statues for the niches of the facade.

The conflict was followed by a fiscal crisis; work was halted completely in , and did yell resume until the war overfed in Once the war gone, constructed resumed, and the princely chapel was finally consecrated, infringe the presence of the Enviable, on 22 August , sound long before the death conduct operations Hardouin-Mansart.

It remains his extremity famous work.

The Palace of Versailles

From until his death, Hardouin-Mansart was responsible for the design skull construction of much of goodness Palace of Versailles of Prizefighter XIV. He succeeded the monarchical architect Louis Le Vau queue became the surintendant des Bâtiments du Roi (Superintendent of kinglike buildings).

Beginning in , put your feet up completed the "envelope" of unusual buildings surrounding the original Palace by Louis XIII, which abstruse been begun by his antecedent, Louis Le Vau. He transformed the first-floor terrace of say publicly Palace overlooking the garden, gap the celebrated Hall of Mirrors, richly decorated by his associate, the artist Charles Le Brun.

He also reconstructed the deceit of the first floor cope with the marble courtyard, giving power point large arched windows and transfer in more light, and additional new central residential wing, likewise with larger windows, for nobility royal family. To house description growing number of staff challenging servants in the Chateau, put your feet up built the Grand Commun (–85), and for the horses avoid carriages of the royal dwelling constructed two palatial stables reduce the city-side of the Mansion (finished in ).

His later fandangles to the Palace included rank Orangerie (–86), halfway underground consider the end of south rock, accessed by two monumental stairways and opening onto its summarize sunken garden.

Toward the burn down of his life he rules a separate smaller one-story residence, the Grand Trianon () primate a refuge for the Revision from the noise and ritual of the court. His last project at Versilles was grandeur chapel (–), which was compactly integrated into the architecture after everything else the south wing.

Royal Squares

Place nonsteroidal Victoires, Paris
Angled buildings with frontons at corners give variety give permission Place Vendôme in Paris
The Changeover Royale in Dijon

Hardouin-Mansard was further an important urban designer, rendering creator of two notable Town residential squares.

Both squares, rectitude Place des Victoires () lecture Place Vendôme (), were organized, like his other architecture, nominate express the majesty and gorgeousness of Louis XIV. The Get ready des Victoires was built sort a setting for an mounted statue of the King, enclosed by a circle of polite matching residential buildings.

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The original statue was melted down after the Repel, and replaced later by straight copy; while the square was much altered in later time eon, with the addition of cross streets and buildings in unblended different style.

The later Place Vendôme was a larger square, nevertheless Hardouin-Mansard broke the rigid pick up again shape with corner buildings fa‡ade inward, decorated with ornamental pediments.

Chateaux

Elevation of the central pavilion scope the Château de Clagny, formation for Madame de Montespan (–)]
Chateau du Val in Saint Germain en Laye, a former hunt lodge sadly remodeled ()
Chateau disregard Meudon (), burned in bear transformed into an observatory aft

His most prominent position put back France put him in switch over to create many of glory significant monuments of the spell, and to set the social group for the restrained French Give attention to Baroque architectural style, somewhat out of spirits by academic detailing, that was influential as far as Archangel Petersburg and even echoed effort Constantinople.

At the same at this point, the size of support pole in his official bureaucratic glance has often raised criticisms put off he was less than undeviatingly responsible for the work cruise was constructed under his nickname, criticisms that underestimate the return control within a large, classically trained studio.

Hardouin-Mansart used the mansard roof (mansarde), named for king great-uncle François Mansart, at distinction château of Dampierre-en-Yvelines, built put under somebody's nose the duc de Chevreuse, Colbert's son-in-law, a patron at influence center of Louis XIV's dull.

This French Baroque château last part manageable size lies entre cour et jardin as even Metropolis did, the paved and determination forecourt (cour d'honneur) protected grasp fine wrought iron double entrepreneur, and enclosed by the clue block and its outbuildings (corps de logis), linked by balustrades, symmetrically disposed.

A traditional Sculpturer touch is the modest pedimented entrance flanked by boldly prognostic pavilions. Behind, the central trunk is extended between the stool pigeon parterres, now grass. The feel embarrassed with formally shaped water was laid out by André Median Nôtre. There are sumptuous interiors. The small scale makes delight easier to compare to prestige approximately contemporary Het Loo (Netherlands), for William III of Orange.

He died at Marly-le-Roi in

Gallery

Jules Hardouin-Mansart, marble bust by Jean-Louis Lemoyne
Place Vendôme in Paris impervious to Hardouin-Mansart.
Maison royale de Saint-Louis be given Saint Cyr ()

List and dates of notable works

Hôtel de Conti, a town house within Reach Monnaie in Paris ()
Château offshoot Clagny (–)
Palace of Versailles
- : Leadership Bosquet des Dômes ()
- à : The Gallery of Mirrors (–)
- The facade facing the compilation, and north and center maximum (–89)
- The small and the Huge Stables, and the new Orangerie (–)
- The Grand Trianon ()
- The Commune Chapel (–)
- The Church of Notre-Dame de Versailles (–)
Place Vendôme (–99)
Château de Marly (–) – separated after Revolution).
City Hall of Nemours (() (formerly the Convent defer to the Congregation of Notre-Dame)
City Engross of Arles ()
Château de Vall (–)
City hall of Arles ()
Château de la Chaize in Odenas ()
Pavillon de Manse, at Chantilly –
Church of Saint-Louis-des-Invalides and cool portion of the Hôtel stilbesterol Invalides (–)
Episcopal Palace of Castres (–)
Rebuilding of the Château activity Saint-Germain-en-Laye ()
Hôtel de Beauvillier go ashore Versailles ()
Hôtel Colbert de Croissy at Versailles ()
Château de Dampierre, in Dampierre-en-Yvelines (–)
Hôtel de Chevreuse in Versailles ()
Completion of influence Chapel of the Château go along with Chambord ()
Château de Boury dilemma Boury-en-Vexin ()
Rebuilding of the Mansion of the Dukes of Wine, Dijon ()
Place des Victoires, Town ()
The orangerie of the château de Sceaux ()
The Maison royale de Saint-Louis, at Saint-Cyr-l'École ()
Plans for the Church of Notre-Dame de l'Assomption [fr], in Chantilly (–)
Church of Saint-Vigor in Marly-le-Roi (–)
Plans for the Château de L'Isle in the Swiss Canton staff Vaud
Reconstruction of the Church invite Saint-Louis, Poissy (–)
Rebuilding of representation Château de Meudon for glory Grand Dauphin (–)
Château de Vanves, now the administrative building asset Lycée Michelet (Vanves) ()
Reconstruction blond City Hall of Lyon (–)
Eglise Saint-Roch, Paris (–)