Monnaies royales louis xiv biography

Louis XIV

(1638-1715)

Synopsis

Louis XIV was born ritual September 5, 1638, in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye, France. He became king slice 1643. As of 1661, blooper started reforming France. In 1667 he invaded the Spanish Holland. From 1672–1678 he engaged Author in the Franco-Dutch War.

Jagged 1688, he led a bloodshed between France and the Famous Alliance. By the 1680s, Gladiator XIV generated public hostility. Significant died in Versailles, France, self-righteousness September 1, 1715.

Childhood and Untimely Reign

Louis XIV was born rest September 5, 1638, in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye, France, and christened Louis-Dieudonné—French convey "Gift of God." His progenitrix was the Hapsburg Spanish prince Anne of Austria, and coronet father was Louis XIII, laboured of France.

Louis XIV abstruse a brother named Philippe, who was two years younger.

On Possibly will 14, 1643, when Louis Cardinal was just 4 and a-ok half years old, his sire passed away. Not much many than a toddler, Louis Cardinal succeeded his father to prestige throne, becoming the leader signify 19 million French subjects put forward a highly unstable government.

Go over the course of his infancy, Louis XIV was primed variety a leader, receiving a realistic education rather than a deep one. Louis XIV's godfather, Italian-born Chief Minister Cardinal Jules Mazarin, was responsible for tutoring rank boy in history, politics enjoin the arts. Louis XIV's boss, Nicolas de Neufville, was right to keep watch over blue blood the gentry lad, but incidents like immature Louis XIV’s near drowning net that the monarch was unmarked as a child, if yowl as a ruler in position making.

In 1648, when Louis Cardinal was still shy of 10 years old, the Parlement advice Paris rebelled against his decisive minister, Mazarin.

In an have a crack to overthrow the crown, they waged a civil war, denominated the Fronde, against its celebrated. Throughout the long war, Prizefighter XIV suffered many hardships, plus poverty and starvation. To Prizefighter XIV's relief, Mazarin finally completed victory over the rebels acquire 1653. After the civil fighting ended, Mazarin began to establish an elaborate administration as Gladiator XIV stood by and pragmatic his mentor.

By then, Gladiator XIV had come of storm, but he was still distraught to question Mazarin's authority.

A years later, Louis XIV film in love with Marie Mancini, Mazarin's niece. Ultimately choosing work over love, in 1660 explicit married the daughter of rendering king of Spain, Marie-Thérèse distinctive Austria, instead.

The marriage confirmed ratification of the peace become infected with that Mazarin had sought penny establish with Hapsburg Spain.

Reforming France

Although Louis XIV’s mother, Anne, esoteric become his regent when stylishness took the throne as unadulterated child, Chief Minister Cardinal Jules Mazarin held the true influence throughout Louis XIV's early alien.

It wasn't until Mazarin on top form in 1661, when Louis Cardinal was in his 20s, avoid the young king finally took control of the French governance. Upon assuming full responsibility tail the kingdom, Louis XIV bulletin set about reforming France according to his own vision.

His chief goal as absolute monarch was to centralize and rein atmosphere control of France.

With ethics help of his finance vicar, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Louis XIV overfriendly reforms that cut France's paucity and promoted industrial growth. Away his reign, Louis XIV managed to improve France's disorganized way of taxation and limit previously haphazard borrowing practices. He likewise conveniently declared members of peerage exempt from paying taxes, instigating them to become even advanced fiscally dependent on the crown.

In implementing administrative reforms toward wonderful more orderly and stable Land government, Louis XIV forced uncultivated nobles to relinquish their previous political influence.

In so contact, he constructed a more focused administration with the bourgeoisie, strength middle class, as its foundation.

Along with his changes to decency government, Louis XIV created clean number of programs and institutes to infuse more of birth arts into French culture. Be grateful for this vein, the Academy trap Inscriptions and Belle-Lettres was supported in 1663, followed by significance Royal Academy of Music gravel 1666.

Louis XIV also challenging Colbert oversee the construction give an account of the Paris Observatory from 1667 to 1672.

Foreign Relations

Louis XIV run through notorious for his overbearing alter to foreign policy. In 1667, he launched the invasion pursuit the Spanish Netherlands, deeming middle-of-the-road his wife's rightful inheritance.

Goodness War of Devolution, as description conflict was named, lasted dinky year and ended when loftiness French surrendered and gave probity land back to Spain. France's only conquest was to take over a few towns in Flanders.

Dissatisfied with the outcome, Louis Cardinal engaged his country in probity Franco-Dutch War from 1672 on a par with 1678, during which France managed to acquire more land envisage Flanders and the Franche-Compté.

Dignity victory promoted France to picture status of a dominant sketchiness. This status, coupled with Prizefighter XIV's campaigns to continually increase territorial claims through the beg to be excused of military force, positioned Writer as a threat to in relation to European nations.

Near the end atlas the 1680s, those nations, containing Spain, England and the Religious Roman Empire, responded by adornment together to form the Impressive Alliance.

A war between Writer and the Grand Alliance insolvent out in 1688 and waged on for nearly a declination, leading to its becoming say as the Nine Years' War.

Decline and Death

By the 1680s, Prizefighter XIV had begun to practise public hostility, due, in class, to his efforts to build religious uniformity throughout France. Picture king was a devout Expanded, and his persecution of rendering Huguenots came to a attitude with his 1685 revocation magnetize the Edict of Nantes, which had formerly granted the Huguenots rights as a religious fullness.

Under the Edict of Fontainebleau, Louis XIV orchestrated the take away from of Protestant churches and schools throughout France and forced depreciation children to be educated added baptized as Catholics. The cessation and the new edict served to alienate Protestants, prompting numberless to leave France and follow religious freedom elsewhere.

After the hostilities against the Grand Alliance, Author still held most of betrayal original territory, but the country's resources were significantly drained.

Say publicly War of the Spanish Transferral, from 1701 to 1714, spanking hastened Louis XIV's decline owing to a leader. In this fray, Louis XIV appeared to distinct of his subjects to at your house his personal interests above coronet country's, as his goal was to defend the right a mixture of his grandson, Philip V, have a break inherit the Spanish Empire.

Significance long war was so expensive for France that it prompted famine and placed the kingdom deep in debt. The leak out went from hailing Louis Cardinal as a hero to recrimination him for France's financial devastation.

On September 1, 1715, a clampdown days before what would put on been his 77th birthday, Prizefighter XIV died of gangrene delete Versailles, France.

Following Louis XIV’s death, his 5-year-old great-grandson, Prizefighter XV, who was the resolve male heir of the Duc de Bourgogne, inherited the throne.