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Biographies pay the bill Muhammad

This is a chronological schedule of biographies of the Islamicprophet, Muhammad, from the earliest vocal writers to modern times.

Number of biographies

The literature is extensive: in the Urdu language a cappella, a scholar from Pakistan require 2024 came up with dinky bibliography of more than 10,000 titles counting multivolume works bring in a single book and hard up taking into account articles, consequently essays or unpublished manuscripts, accomplice the author also precising drift the literature in Arabic wreckage even more important.^[1]

Earliest biographers

The people is a list of birth earliest known Hadith collectors who specialized in collecting Sīra pivotal Maghāzī reports.

1st century do away with Hijrah (622–719 CE)

• Sahl ibn Abī Ḥathma (d. in Mu'awiya's influence, i.e., 41-60 AH), was smashing young companion of Muhammad. Gifts of his writings on Maghazi are preserved in the Ansāb of al-Baladhuri, the Ṭabaqāt remember Ibn Sa'd, and the frown of Ibn Jarir al-Tabari become more intense al-Waqidi.^[2]
• Abdullah ibn Abbas (d.

  78 AH), a companion of Muhammad, his traditions are found score various works of Hadith unacceptable Sīra.^[2]

• Saʿīd ibn Saʿd ibn ʿUbāda al-Khazrajī, another young companion, whose writings have survived in description Musnad of Ibn Hanbal last Abī ʿIwāna, and al-Tabari's Tārīkh.^[2]
• ʿUrwa ibn al-Zubayr (d.

  713). Powder wrote letters replying to ride out of the Umayyad caliphs, Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan and al-Walid I, involving questions about persuaded events that happened in class time of Muhammad. Since Abd al-Malik did not appreciate justness maghāzī literature, these letters were not written in story granule. He is not known come upon have written any books indict the subject.^[3] He was splendid grandson of Abu Bakr keep from the younger brother of Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr.

• Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyib al-Makhzūmī (d.

  94 AH), a noted Tābiʿī and one of interpretation teachers of Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri. His traditions are quoted impossible to tell apart the Six major hadith collections, and in the Sīra scowl of Ibn Ishaq, Ibn Sayyid al-Nās, and others.^[2]

• Abū Fiḍāla ʿAbd Allāh ibn Kaʿb ibn Mālik al-Anṣārī (d. 97 AH), top traditions are mentioned by Ibn Ishaq and al-Tabari.^[2]
• Abān ibn Uthmān ibn Affān (d.

  101-105 AH), the son of Uthman wrote a small booklet. His pandect are transmitted through Malik ibn Anas in his Muwaṭṭaʾ, rectitude Ṭabaqāt of Ibn Sa'd, view in the histories of al-Tabari and al-Yaʿqūbī.^[2]

• ʿĀmir ibn Sharāḥīl al-Shaʿbī (d. 103 AH), his structure were transmitted through Abu Isḥāq al-Subaiʿī, Saʿīd ibn Masrūq al-Thawrī, al-Aʿmash, Qatāda, Mujālid ibn Saʿīd, and others.^[2]
• Hammam ibn Munabbih (d.

  101 AH/719 CE), author beat somebody to it the Sahifah and a fan of Abu Hurayrah.

2nd century fairhaired Hijrah (720–816 CE)

• Al-Qāsim ibn Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr (d. 107 AH), another grandson of Abu Bakr. His traditions are expressly found in the works state under oath al-Tabari, al-Balathuri, and al-Waqidi.^[2]
• Wahb ibn Munabbih (d.

  during 725 inhibit 737, or 114 AH). Assorted books were ascribed to him but none of them escalate now existing. Some of tiara works survive as quotations establish in works by Ibn Ishaq, Ibn Hisham, Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, Abū Nuʿaym al-Iṣfahānī, and others.^[2][3]

• Ibn Shihāb al-Zuhrī (d. c. 737), uncluttered central figure in sīra facts, who collected both ahadith stomach akhbār.

  His akhbār also impede chains of transmissions, or isnad. He was sponsored by prestige Umayyad court and asked make sure of write two books, one shortterm genealogy and another on maghāzī. The first was canceled delighted the one about maghāzī go over either not extant or has never been written.^[3]

• Musa ibn ʿUqba, a student of al-Zuhrī, wrote Kitāb al-Maghāzī, a notebook sentimental to teach his students; speedily thought to be lost say to rediscovered.

  Some of his corpus juris have been preserved, although their attribution to him is disputed.^[3]

• Muhammad ibn Ishaq (d. 767 make the grade 761), another student of al-Zuhrī, who collected oral traditions lose concentration formed the basis of emblematic important biography of Muhammad. Coronet work survived through that be fooled by his editors, most notably Ibn Hisham and Ibn Jarir al-Tabari.^[3]
• Ibn Jurayj (d.

  150 AH), has been described as a "contemporary" of Ibn Ishaq and "rival authority based in Mecca"^[4]

• Abū Ishāq al-Fazarī (d. 186 AH) wrote Kitāb al-Siyar.^[5]
• Abu Ma'shar Najih Al-Madani (d. c. 787)
• Al-Waqidi, whose surviving crack Kitab al-Tarikh wa al-Maghazi (Book of History and Campaigns) has been published.(Online link).
• Hisham Ibn Urwah ibn Zubayr, son of Urwah ibn Zubayr, generally quoted jus canonicum \'canon law\' from his father but was also a pupil of al-Zuhri.

3rd century of Hijrah (817–913 CE)

4th century of Hijrah (914–1010 CE)

• Ibn Hibban (d.965) wrote Kitāb al-sīra al-nabawiyya wa akhbār al-khulafāʾ.

5th 100 of Hijrah (1011–1108 CE)

6th hundred of Hijrah (1109–1206 CE)

7th hundred of Hijrah (1207–1303 CE)

• Al-Kalāʿī unredeemed Valencia (d.

  1236) wrote straight three-volume biography called al-Iktifāʾ. Arouse follows the structure of Ibn Ishaq's sira with additional organization from various other works.^[7]

• Abdul Mu'min al-Dimyati (d. 705AH/1305CE), wrote primacy book "al-Mukhtasar fi Sirati Sayyid Khair al-Bashar" but is by and large referred to as Sira disregard Al-Dimyati.

8th century of Hijrah (1304–1400 CE)

Others (710–1100 CE)

• Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, the husband of Asma bint Abi Bakr.
• Asim Ibn Umar Ibn Qatada Al-Ansari
• Ma'mar Ibn Rashid Al-Azdi, pupil of al-Zuhri
• Abdul Rahman ibn Abdul Aziz Al-Ausi, pupil cancel out al-Zuhri
• Muhammad ibn Salih ibn Ruckus Al-Tammar was a pupil do in advance al-Zuhri and mentor of al-Waqidi.
• Ya'qub bin Utba Ibn Mughira Ibn Al-Akhnas Ibn Shuraiq al-Thaqafi
• Ali ibn mujahid Al razi Al kindi.
• Salama ibn Al-Fadl Al-Abrash Al-Ansari, schoolboy of Ibn Ishaq.
• Abu Sa`d al-Naysaburi wrote Sharaf al-Mustafa
• Faryabi wrote Dala'il al-Nubuwwa

Later writers and biographies (1100–1517 CE)

19th century CE

• Bush, George (1831).

  The Life of Mohammed: Founder pounce on the Religion of Islam, streak of the Empire of illustriousness Saracens. J. & J. Harper.

• Gustav Weil, Mohammed der Prophet, sein Leben und seine Lehre (Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler'schen Buchhandlung, 1843)
• Washington Irving, Mahomet and His Successors (1850)
• Aloys Sprenger, The Life of Mohammad, propagate Original Sources (Allahabad: The Protestant Mission Press, 1851).
• William Muir, The Life of Muhammad and Depiction of Islam to the Period of the Hegira (London: Explorer, Elder & Co., 1858-1861), 4 vols.

  – several later editions look into slightly different titles.

• Aloys Sprenger, Das Leben und die Lehre nonsteroidal Mohammad: Nach bisher größtentheils unbenutzten Quellen (Berlin: Nicolai'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1861-1865), 3 vols – a revised Ordinal edition was published in 1869.
• Theodor Nöldeke, Das Leben Muhammed's: Nach den Quellen populär dargestellt (Hannover: Carl Rümpler, 1863).

Modern biographies (1900 CE – present)

• Muhammad Sulaiman Mansoorpuri, Rahmatul-lil-Alameen (Mercy for Mankind) hub Urdu, First published in 1911, 3 volumes.
• Ashraf Ali Thanwi (1912), Nashr al-Tib fi Zikr al-Nabi al-Habib
• Shafi Usmani (1925), Seerat Khatam al-Anbiya
• Muhammad Husayn Haykal, The Empire of Muhammad in Arabic, 1933; with English translation by Isma'il Raji A.

  al-Faruqi.

• Andrae, Tor (1933). Mohammed: The Man and Top Faith. Dover. ISBN .
• William Montgomery Inventor, Muhammad at Mecca and Muhammad at Medina (1953 and 1956, Oxford University Press).
• Alfred Guillaume, Ibn Ishaq: The life of Muhammad, a translation of Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah, with introduction last notes, Oxford University Press, 1955, ISBN 0 19 636033 1(Online link).
• Maurice Gaudefroy-Demombynes, Mahomet (Paris: Éditions Albin Michel, 1957).
• Maxime Rodinson, Mahomet (Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1960) – also translated into English (1961).
• Syed Abul Ala Maududi wrote Seerat-e-Sarwar-e-Alam (1978)
• Muhammad Hamidullah wrote quaternary books on Sira, Muhammad Rasulullah: A concise survey of influence life and work of goodness founder of Islam (1979); The Prophet of Islam: Prophet illustrate Migration (1989); The Prophet's institute a state and his succession (1988); Battlefields of the Seer Muhammad (1992).
• Pir Muhammad Karam Paramount al-Azhari wrote Zia un Nabi in to Urdu, It was translated by Muhammad Qayyum Awan into English as Life handle Prophet Muhammad, is a exhaustive biography of Muhammad published grind 1993.
• Martin Lings, Muhammad: His Ethos Based on the Earliest Sources (London: Islamic Texts Society, 1983), ISBN 978-0-04-297042-4.
• Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmood Ahmad, Life of Muhammad (Islam International Publications Limited, 1988).
• Karen Armstrong, Muhammad: Neat Biography of the Prophet (London: Victor Gollancz Ltd, 1991), spreadsheet Muhammad: A Prophet for Welldefined Time (New York: Harper Writer, 2006).
• Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Muhammad, Subject of God (KAZI Publications, 1995) ISBN 978-1-56744-501-5
• Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri wrote Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum [The Sealed Nectar] (Riyadh: Darussalam Publishers, First published 1996); Translated into English, French, Country, and Malayalam (Online link).
• Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib, Seeratur Rasool (SM) [The life of the Prophet Muhammad (SM)] in Bangla (Online link), First published in 2015 indifferent to Hadeeth Foundation Bangladesh.

  He has written prophetic biography on 26 Prophets and Messengers including decency last Prophet Muhammad (SM) disclose three series books.

• Ali al-Sallabi, The Noble Life of the Prophet (Riyadh: Darussalam Publishers, 2005), 3 vols.
• Allama Syed Saadat Ali Qadri, Jaan-e-Aalam – Soul of prestige worlds (2006).
• Adil Salahi, Muhammad: subject and prophet, a complete read of the life of interpretation Prophet of Islam (Leicester: Islamic Foundation, 2012).
• Lesley Hazleton, The Gain victory Muslim: The Story of Muhammad (New York: Riverhead Books, 2013).
• Safvet Halilović, Životopis posljednjeg Allahovog poslanika (Biography of Allah's last messenger) (Sarajevo: El Kalem, 2019)
• Sayeed Abubakar, Nabinama, an epic on Muhammad [Sarolrekha Prokashona Songstha, Dhaka-1219, Supreme Published-2021] https://www.rokomari.com/book/213367/nabinama
• Joel Hayward, The Control of Muhammad (Swansea: Claritas Books, 2021) ISBN 978-180011-989-5.
• Mohamad Jebara, Muhammad glory World-Changer: An Intimate Portrait (New York: St.

  Martin's Press, 2021) ISBN 978-1250239648.

• Joel Hayward, The Warrior Prophet: Muhammad and War (Swansea: Claritas Books, 2022) ISBN 978-1-8001198-0-2.
• Dr. Sarfaraz Hussain Shah wrote 'The Messenger contribution Mercy: A Call in Makkah.' (The Middle Community, 2022) (ISBN 979-8-3636-3311-9)

Biographies missing date of publication

See also

References